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Application of water treatment sludge as a low-cost and eco-friendly catalyst in the biodiesel production via fatty acids esterification: Process optimization

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  • Pessoa Junior, Wanison A.G.
  • Takeno, Mitsuo L.
  • Nobre, Francisco X.
  • Barros, Silma de S.
  • Sá, Ingrity S.C.
  • Silva, Edson P.
  • Manzato, Lizandro
  • Iglauer, Stefan
  • de Freitas, Flávio A.

Abstract

One of the ways to produce biodiesel is through fatty acid esterification via heterogeneous catalysis. The water treatment plants in Manaus - Amazonas/Brazil produce about 20 tons of sludge per day. In order to establish an application to this abundant waste as a new heterogeneous catalyst, acid and heat treatments were performed and characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, surface area, and scanning electron microscopy. The sludge is mainly composed of Si, Al, and Fe. Only the sludge without heat treatment showed S levels after acid treatment, proving the sulfation in these materials. The obtained materials were applied as catalysts, where the activity was evaluated by fatty acid esterification with methanol. The process was optimized using the best catalyst (WTS3M) and oleic acid, where under the following reaction conditions: 15:1 methanol:acid molar ratio, 5 wt% of catalyst, 100 °C and 3 h of reaction, resulted in conversions higher than 97%. The application of water treatment sludge as a catalyst with high catalytic activity for methyl oleate synthesis and the possibility of regeneration were demonstrated. This study will thus aid in the cost-effective reduction of water treatment sludge and increase the potential for additional biofuel production.

Suggested Citation

  • Pessoa Junior, Wanison A.G. & Takeno, Mitsuo L. & Nobre, Francisco X. & Barros, Silma de S. & Sá, Ingrity S.C. & Silva, Edson P. & Manzato, Lizandro & Iglauer, Stefan & de Freitas, Flávio A., 2020. "Application of water treatment sludge as a low-cost and eco-friendly catalyst in the biodiesel production via fatty acids esterification: Process optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:213:y:2020:i:c:s0360544220319319
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118824
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    3. Ezzati, Rohollah & Ranjbar, Shahram & Soltanabadi, Azim, 2021. "Kinetics models of transesterification reaction for biodiesel production: A theoretical analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 280-296.
    4. Krishna Kumar Gupta & Kanak Kalita & Ranjan Kumar Ghadai & Manickam Ramachandran & Xiao-Zhi Gao, 2021. "Machine Learning-Based Predictive Modelling of Biodiesel Production—A Comparative Perspective," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-16, February.
    5. Ebadinezhad, Behzad & Haghighi, Mohammad & Zeinalzadeh, Hossein, 2021. "Influence of carbon casting loading and ultrasound irradiation on catalytic design of Al–Si–P zeotype nanostructure for biofuel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 290-307.
    6. Takeno, Mitsuo L. & Mendonça, Iasmin M. & Barros, Silma de S. & de Sousa Maia, Paulo J. & Pessoa Jr., Wanison A.G. & Souza, Mayane P. & Soares, Elzalina R. & Bindá, Rosane dos S. & Calderaro, Fábio L., 2021. "A novel CaO-based catalyst obtained from silver croaker (Plagioscion squamosissimus) stone for biodiesel synthesis: Waste valorization and process optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 1035-1045.
    7. Daniel Carreira Batalha & Márcio José da Silva, 2021. "Biodiesel Production over Niobium-Containing Catalysts: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-33, September.
    8. de Freitas, Flávio A. & Mendonça, Igor R.S. & Barros, Silma de S. & Pessoa Jr., Wanison G.A. & Sá, Ingrity S.C. & Gato, Larissa B. & Silva, Edson P. & Farias, Marco A.S. & Nobre, Francisco X. & Maia, , 2022. "Biodiesel production from tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer) almond oil applying the electrolytic paste of spent batteries as a catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 919-931.

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