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Catalytic activity of heterogeneous acid catalysts derived from corncob in the esterification of oleic acid with methanol

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  • Dechakhumwat, Suppasate
  • Hongmanorom, Plaifa
  • Thunyaratchatanon, Chachchaya
  • Smith, Siwaporn Meejoo
  • Boonyuen, Supakorn
  • Luengnaruemitchai, Apanee

Abstract

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) pretreated corncob-derived residue was used as a starting material to prepare solid acid catalysts using different sulfonation chemicals (H2SO4, p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) and H2SO4/TsOH mixtures) for biodiesel production from the esterification of oleic acid with methanol. Effects of the different sulfonation agents on the properties of the derived carbon-based materials were investigated using various characterization techniques. Lignin residues were obtained after the H2SO4 pretreatment step, and high lignin-containing carbon-based catalysts of ca. 69% (w/w) lignin were derived after sulfonation with H2SO4. Employing TsOH or H2SO4/TsOH mixtures for sulfonation gave materials with a higher carbon/hydrogen (C/H) ratio, indicating a relatively effective carbonization compared to that with H2SO4 sulfonation. The catalytic activity of the sulfonated corncob in the esterification of oleic acid with methanol was influenced by the acid density, acid strength and porous structure of the sulfonated materials. High methyl oleate yields (>80% after 8 h at 60 °C) were achieved using the acid catalyst obtained from either H2SO4 or TsOH sulfonation, whereas those from H2SO4/TsOH sulfonation gave slightly lower yields. Thus, the use of the non-volatile TsOH solid as a ‘greener’ sulfonating agent for the production of carbon-based solid acid catalysts with a high catalytic activity in the esterification reaction is supported.

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  • Dechakhumwat, Suppasate & Hongmanorom, Plaifa & Thunyaratchatanon, Chachchaya & Smith, Siwaporn Meejoo & Boonyuen, Supakorn & Luengnaruemitchai, Apanee, 2020. "Catalytic activity of heterogeneous acid catalysts derived from corncob in the esterification of oleic acid with methanol," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 897-906.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:148:y:2020:i:c:p:897-906
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.10.174
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    1. Bureros, Glorie Mae A. & Tanjay, April A. & Cuizon, Dan Elmer S. & Go, Alchris W. & Cabatingan, Luis K. & Agapay, Ramelito C. & Ju, Yi-Hsu, 2019. "Cacao shell-derived solid acid catalyst for esterification of oleic acid with methanol," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 489-501.
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    3. Yu, Hewei & Cao, Yunlong & Li, Heyao & Zhao, Gaiju & Zhang, Xingyu & Cheng, Shen & Wei, Wei, 2021. "An efficient heterogeneous acid catalyst derived from waste ginger straw for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 533-542.
    4. Zhang, Bingxin & Gao, Ming & Geng, Jiayu & Cheng, Yuwei & Wang, Xiaona & Wu, Chuanfu & Wang, Qunhui & Liu, Shu & Cheung, Siu Ming, 2021. "Catalytic performance and deactivation mechanism of a one-step sulfonated carbon-based solid-acid catalyst in an esterification reaction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 824-832.
    5. Pessoa Junior, Wanison A.G. & Takeno, Mitsuo L. & Nobre, Francisco X. & Barros, Silma de S. & Sá, Ingrity S.C. & Silva, Edson P. & Manzato, Lizandro & Iglauer, Stefan & de Freitas, Flávio A., 2020. "Application of water treatment sludge as a low-cost and eco-friendly catalyst in the biodiesel production via fatty acids esterification: Process optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
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    7. Li, Ronghe & Wei, Zhong & Li, Hongli & Yin, Zhili & Wang, Ziqing, 2022. "Selective esterification of glycerol with acetic acid to green fuel bio-additive over a lignosulfonate-based renewable solid acid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P2), pages 125-134.

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