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Upgrading of green waste into carbon-rich solid biofuel by hydrothermal carbonization: The effect of process parameters on hydrochar derived from acacia

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  • Wilk, Małgorzata
  • Magdziarz, Aneta
  • Kalemba-Rec, Izabela
  • Szymańska-Chargot, Monika

Abstract

This study investigated the influence of operating parameters on the physical and chemical properties of solid and liquid products after the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of green waste, e.g. - acacia: residence time (2 and 4 h), biomass to water ratio (1:10, 1:8, and 1:5) and temperature (180, 200 and 220 °C). The hydrochars had a higher carbon content (from c.a. 50–67%) which resulted in a two times higher fixed carbon and calorific value. Additionally, the structural features were investigated by a scanning electron microscope, van Soest fibre analysis (hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin), and Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy to confirm any changes in the chemical structure. Moreover, the thermal behaviour of the hydrochars under combustion conditions were studied. Collaterally, the liquid products were analysed by measuring pH and conductivity, which confirmed their acidic and polar character. Chemical Oxygen Demand with very high values was conducted indicating that the liquid phase contained a high concentration of organic matter and nutrients. The collected and analysed data revealed that residence time and reaction temperature were the most prominent factors which caused enhancement of the energetic properties of the hydrochars. Whereas, biomass to water ratio was found to be negligible.

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  • Wilk, Małgorzata & Magdziarz, Aneta & Kalemba-Rec, Izabela & Szymańska-Chargot, Monika, 2020. "Upgrading of green waste into carbon-rich solid biofuel by hydrothermal carbonization: The effect of process parameters on hydrochar derived from acacia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:202:y:2020:i:c:s0360544220308240
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.117717
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    3. Wilk, Małgorzata & Śliz, Maciej & Gajek, Marcin, 2021. "The effects of hydrothermal carbonization operating parameters on high-value hydrochar derived from beet pulp," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 216-228.
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    6. Czerwińska, Klaudia & Śliz, Maciej & Wilk, Małgorzata, 2022. "Hydrothermal carbonization process: Fundamentals, main parameter characteristics and possible applications including an effective method of SARS-CoV-2 mitigation in sewage sludge. A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    7. Urbanowska, Agnieszka & Niedzwiecki, Lukasz & Wnukowski, Mateusz & Aragon-Briceño, Christian & Kabsch-Korbutowicz, Małgorzata & Baranowski, Marcin & Czerep, Michał & Seruga, Przemysław & Pawlak-Krucze, 2023. "Recovery of chemical energy from retentates from cascade membrane filtration of hydrothermal carbonisation effluent," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
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    9. Liang, Wang & Wang, Guangwei & Xu, Runsheng & Ning, Xiaojun & Zhang, Jianliang & Guo, Xingmin & Ye, Lian & Li, Jinhua & Jiang, Chunhe & Wang, Peng & Wang, Chuan, 2022. "Hydrothermal carbonization of forest waste into solid fuel: Mechanism and combustion behavior," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    10. Śliz, Maciej & Wilk, Małgorzata, 2020. "A comprehensive investigation of hydrothermal carbonization: Energy potential of hydrochar derived from Virginia mallow," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 942-950.
    11. Gao, Ningbo & Śliz, Maciej & Quan, Cui & Bieniek, Artur & Magdziarz, Aneta, 2021. "Biomass CO2 gasification with CaO looping for syngas production in a fixed-bed reactor," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 652-661.
    12. Tomasz Hardy & Amit Arora & Halina Pawlak-Kruczek & Wojciech Rafajłowicz & Jerzy Wietrzych & Łukasz Niedźwiecki & Vishwajeet & Krzysztof Mościcki, 2021. "Non-Destructive Diagnostic Methods for Fire-Side Corrosion Risk Assessment of Industrial Scale Boilers, Burning Low Quality Solid Biofuels—A Mini Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-15, November.
    13. Liu, Xiangmin & Fan, Yuwei & Zhai, Yunbo & Liu, Xiaoping & Wang, Zhexian & Zhu, Ya & Shi, Haoran & Li, Caiting & Zhu, Yun, 2022. "Co-hydrothermal carbonization of rape straw and microalgae: pH-enhanced carbonization process to obtain clean hydrochar," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    14. Wilk, Małgorzata & Śliz, Maciej & Lubieniecki, Bogusław, 2021. "Hydrothermal co-carbonization of sewage sludge and fuel additives: Combustion performance of hydrochar," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 1046-1056.
    15. Shulun Han & Li Bai & Mingshu Chi & Xiuling Xu & Zhao Chen & Kecheng Yu, 2022. "Conversion of Waste Corn Straw to Value-Added Fuel via Hydrothermal Carbonization after Acid Washing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-14, March.
    16. Sobek, S. & Zeng, K. & Werle, S. & Junga, R. & Sajdak, M., 2022. "Brewer's spent grain pyrolysis kinetics and evolved gas analysis for the sustainable phenolic compounds and fatty acids recovery potential," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 157-168.
    17. Joanna Mikusińska & Monika Kuźnia & Klaudia Czerwińska & Małgorzata Wilk, 2023. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Digestate Produced in the Biogas Production Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-18, July.
    18. Manfredi Picciotto Maniscalco & Maurizio Volpe & Antonio Messineo, 2020. "Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Valuable Tool for Energy and Environmental Applications: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-26, August.
    19. Umut Şen & Bruno Esteves & Helena Pereira, 2023. "Pyrolysis and Extraction of Bark in a Biorefineries Context: A Critical Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-23, June.
    20. Zhang, Yongsheng & Zahid, Ibrar & Danial, Ali & Minaret, Jamie & Cao, Yijun & Dutta, Animesh, 2021. "Hydrothermal carbonization of miscanthus: Processing, properties, and synergistic Co-combustion with lignite," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    21. Barbara Mendecka & Giovanni Di Ilio & Lidia Lombardi, 2020. "Thermo-Fluid Dynamic and Kinetic Modeling of Hydrothermal Carbonization of Olive Pomace in a Batch Reactor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-16, August.

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