IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v189y2019ics0360544219320845.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A frequency control strategy of electric vehicles in microgrid using virtual synchronous generator control

Author

Listed:
  • Li, Pengfei
  • Hu, Weihao
  • Xu, Xiao
  • Huang, Qi
  • Liu, Zhou
  • Chen, Zhe

Abstract

In recent years, with the increase in energy resource penetration into power systems, more technical requirements regarding the frequency control capability of renewable energy have become required. Plug-in electrical vehicles (PEVs) have become increasingly commercialized, and vehicle-to-grid technology has received extensive attention. This paper proposes a novel frequency control strategy for EVs to participate in the primary and secondary frequency regulations of microgrids. Virtual inertia and virtual damping are introduced using a virtual synchronous generator through AC/DC control. Thus, the charging/discharging device has the characteristics of inertia and damping, which are similar to those of a synchronous generator. According to the droop characteristic of an EV’s charging frequency, the designed auxiliary frequency regulation method can be used to calculate the power adjustment to change the reference value of the EV’s charging/discharging power, allowing the EV to participate in the frequency regulation of a microgrid. The models and connected microgrid were established using MATLAB/Simulink software, and the proposed control strategy was tested. The proposed frequency control strategy can provide virtual inertia, damping, and frequency support; improve the dynamic stability; and realize an effective frequency regulation when the microgrid works in an independent operational mode.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Pengfei & Hu, Weihao & Xu, Xiao & Huang, Qi & Liu, Zhou & Chen, Zhe, 2019. "A frequency control strategy of electric vehicles in microgrid using virtual synchronous generator control," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:189:y:2019:i:c:s0360544219320845
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116389
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544219320845
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116389?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sekyung Han & Soohee Han, 2013. "Economic Feasibility of V2G Frequency Regulation in Consideration of Battery Wear," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-18, February.
    2. Shokrzadeh, Shahab & Ribberink, Hajo & Rishmawi, Issa & Entchev, Evgueniy, 2017. "A simplified control algorithm for utilities to utilize plug-in electric vehicles to reduce distribution transformer overloading," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 1121-1131.
    3. Rahman, Asadur & Saikia, Lalit Chandra & Sinha, Nidul, 2017. "Automatic generation control of an interconnected two-area hybrid thermal system considering dish-stirling solar thermal and wind turbine system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 41-54.
    4. Dhundhara, Sandeep & Verma, Yajvender Pal, 2018. "Capacitive energy storage with optimized controller for frequency regulation in realistic multisource deregulated power system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 1108-1128.
    5. Mahmud, Khizir & Town, Graham E. & Morsalin, Sayidul & Hossain, M.J., 2018. "Integration of electric vehicles and management in the internet of energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 4179-4203.
    6. Hirase, Yuko & Abe, Kensho & Sugimoto, Kazushige & Sakimoto, Kenichi & Bevrani, Hassan & Ise, Toshifumi, 2018. "A novel control approach for virtual synchronous generators to suppress frequency and voltage fluctuations in microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 699-710.
    7. Jian, Liu & Zechun, Hu & Banister, David & Yongqiang, Zhao & Zhongying, Wang, 2018. "The future of energy storage shaped by electric vehicles: A perspective from China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 249-257.
    8. Knezović, Katarina & Marinelli, Mattia & Zecchino, Antonio & Andersen, Peter Bach & Traeholt, Chresten, 2017. "Supporting involvement of electric vehicles in distribution grids: Lowering the barriers for a proactive integration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 458-468.
    9. Nykvist, Björn & Sprei, Frances & Nilsson, Måns, 2019. "Assessing the progress toward lower priced long range battery electric vehicles," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 144-155.
    10. Liu, Hui & Huang, Kai & Wang, Ni & Qi, Junjian & Wu, Qiuwei & Ma, Shicong & Li, Canbing, 2019. "Optimal dispatch for participation of electric vehicles in frequency regulation based on area control error and area regulation requirement," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C), pages 46-55.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Xing, Wei & Wang, Hewu & Lu, Languang & Han, Xuebing & Sun, Kai & Ouyang, Minggao, 2021. "An adaptive virtual inertia control strategy for distributed battery energy storage system in microgrids," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    2. Rao, Yingqing & Yang, Jun & Xiao, Jinxing & Xu, Bingyan & Liu, Wenjing & Li, Yonghui, 2021. "A frequency control strategy for multimicrogrids with V2G based on the improved robust model predictive control," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    3. Mousavizade, Mirsaeed & Bai, Feifei & Garmabdari, Rasoul & Sanjari, Mohammad & Taghizadeh, Foad & Mahmoudian, Ali & Lu, Junwei, 2023. "Adaptive control of V2Gs in islanded microgrids incorporating EV owner expectations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 341(C).
    4. Géremi Gilson Dranka & Paula Ferreira, 2020. "Electric Vehicles and Biofuels Synergies in the Brazilian Energy System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-22, August.
    5. Adlan Pradana & Mejbaul Haque & Mithulanathan Nadarajah, 2023. "Control Strategies of Electric Vehicles Participating in Ancillary Services: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-36, February.
    6. Gao, Yan & Jiang, Chen & Yu, Dahai & Ahmad, Maiwand, 2023. "A novel electric differential and synchronization control method for 4WD/4WS electric vehicles based on fictitious master," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    7. Yeong Yoo & Yousef Al-Shawesh & Alain Tchagang, 2021. "Coordinated Control Strategy and Validation of Vehicle-to-Grid for Frequency Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-23, April.
    8. Myada Shadoul & Razzaqul Ahshan & Rashid S. AlAbri & Abdullah Al-Badi & Mohammed Albadi & Mohsin Jamil, 2022. "A Comprehensive Review on a Virtual-Synchronous Generator: Topologies, Control Orders and Techniques, Energy Storages, and Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-27, November.
    9. Huo, Yujia & Gruosso, Giambattista, 2020. "A novel ramp-rate control of grid-tied PV-Battery systems to reduce required battery capacity," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    10. Yuxin Wen & Peixiao Fan & Jia Hu & Song Ke & Fuzhang Wu & Xu Zhu, 2022. "An Optimal Scheduling Strategy of a Microgrid with V2G Based on Deep Q-Learning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-18, August.
    11. Xiu, Liancheng & Du, Zhiye & Wu, BinBing & Li, Guanjun & Wang, Dongjie & Song, Hanliang, 2021. "A novel adaptive frequency extraction method for fast and accurate connection between inverters and microgrids," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    12. Faris Adnan Padhilah & Kyeong-Hwa Kim, 2021. "A Centralized Power Flow Control Scheme of EV-Connected DC Microgrid to Satisfy Multi-Objective Problems under Several Constraints," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-37, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hoarau, Quentin & Perez, Yannick, 2019. "Network tariff design with prosumers and electromobility: Who wins, who loses?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 26-39.
    2. Arya, Yogendra, 2019. "AGC of PV-thermal and hydro-thermal power systems using CES and a new multi-stage FPIDF-(1+PI) controller," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 796-806.
    3. Rayhane Koubaa & Yeliz Yoldas & Selcuk Goren & Lotfi Krichen & Ahmet Onen, 2021. "Implementation of cost benefit analysis of vehicle to grid coupled real Micro-Grid by considering battery energy wear: Practical study case," Energy & Environment, , vol. 32(7), pages 1292-1314, November.
    4. Deepak Kumar Gupta & Amitkumar V. Jha & Bhargav Appasani & Avireni Srinivasulu & Nicu Bizon & Phatiphat Thounthong, 2021. "Load Frequency Control Using Hybrid Intelligent Optimization Technique for Multi-Source Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-16, March.
    5. Latif, Abdul & Hussain, S.M. Suhail & Das, Dulal Chandra & Ustun, Taha Selim, 2020. "State-of-the-art of controllers and soft computing techniques for regulated load frequency management of single/multi-area traditional and renewable energy based power systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    6. Alessandro Labella & Filip Filipovic & Milutin Petronijevic & Andrea Bonfiglio & Renato Procopio, 2020. "An MPC Approach for Grid-Forming Inverters: Theory and Experiment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-17, May.
    7. Shafqat Jawad & Junyong Liu, 2020. "Electrical Vehicle Charging Services Planning and Operation with Interdependent Power Networks and Transportation Networks: A Review of the Current Scenario and Future Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-24, July.
    8. Sara Bellocchi & Michele Manno & Michel Noussan & Michela Vellini, 2019. "Impact of Grid-Scale Electricity Storage and Electric Vehicles on Renewable Energy Penetration: A Case Study for Italy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-32, April.
    9. Geels, Frank W. & Ayoub, Martina, 2023. "A socio-technical transition perspective on positive tipping points in climate change mitigation: Analysing seven interacting feedback loops in offshore wind and electric vehicles acceleration," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    10. Felix Hinnüber & Marek Szarucki & Katarzyna Szopik-Depczyńska, 2019. "The Effects of a First-Time Experience on the Evaluation of Battery Electric Vehicles by Potential Consumers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-25, December.
    11. Yang, Chao & Yao, Wei & Fang, Jiakun & Ai, Xiaomeng & Chen, Zhe & Wen, Jinyu & He, Haibo, 2019. "Dynamic event-triggered robust secondary frequency control for islanded AC microgrid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 821-836.
    12. Shreya Shree Das & Arup Das & Subhojit Dawn & Sadhan Gope & Taha Selim Ustun, 2022. "A Joint Scheduling Strategy for Wind and Solar Photovoltaic Systems to Grasp Imbalance Cost in Competitive Market," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-22, April.
    13. Sung-Min Cho & Jin-Su Kim & Jae-Chul Kim, 2019. "Optimal Operation Parameter Estimation of Energy Storage for Frequency Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-21, May.
    14. Natascia Andrenacci & Elio Chiodo & Davide Lauria & Fabio Mottola, 2018. "Life Cycle Estimation of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Primary Frequency Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-24, November.
    15. Yu, Haiquan & Zhou, Jianxin & Si, Fengqi & Nord, Lars O., 2022. "Combined heat and power dynamic economic dispatch considering field operational characteristics of natural gas combined cycle plants," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PA).
    16. Bhandari, Vivek & Sun, Kaiyang & Homans, Frances, 2018. "The profitability of vehicle to grid for system participants - A case study from the Electricity Reliability Council of Texas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 278-286.
    17. Ting Zhang & Shuaishuai Cao & Lingying Pan & Chenyu Zhou, 2020. "A Policy Effect Analysis of China’s Energy Storage Development Based on a Multi-Agent Evolutionary Game Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-35, November.
    18. Héctor Migallón & Akram Belazi & José-Luis Sánchez-Romero & Héctor Rico & Antonio Jimeno-Morenilla, 2020. "Settings-Free Hybrid Metaheuristic General Optimization Methods," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-25, July.
    19. Borge-Diez, David & Icaza, Daniel & Açıkkalp, Emin & Amaris, Hortensia, 2021. "Combined vehicle to building (V2B) and vehicle to home (V2H) strategy to increase electric vehicle market share," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    20. Guha, Dipayan, 2023. "Non-integer disturbance observer-aided resilient frequency controller applied to hybrid power system," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:189:y:2019:i:c:s0360544219320845. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.