IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v187y2019ics0360544219316512.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The economic performance of industrial and commercial rooftop photovoltaic in China

Author

Listed:
  • Xin-gang, Zhao
  • Yi-min, Xie

Abstract

Due to its characteristics of nearby power generation, grid-connection, conversion and use, rooftop photovoltaic power generation has formed the advantages of less investment, flexible, efficient and environmental protection, with broad prospects for development. Therefore, studying its economic performance is of great significance to investment decision and policy improvement. Under the current technical cost and policy conditions of rooftop photovoltaic in China, this paper constructs a cost-benefit analysis model considering the impact of inflation on cash flow. The results show that: For small rooftop photovoltaic in China, first of all, under the existing subsidy price and cost, its investment payback period is short and the risk is low. Secondly, the average internal rate of return is more than 10%, and the levelized cost of electricity is 0.2727–0.5573CNY/kWh, so the economic performance is good. Then, although the subsidy price has been lowered twice in a row in 2018, its economic performance is still relatively good. Finally, in the economic performance analysis of rooftop photovoltaic, besides the influence of power generation capacity, loan interest rate, construction cost and other factors, the time value of capital and inflation are also factors that cannot be ignored.

Suggested Citation

  • Xin-gang, Zhao & Yi-min, Xie, 2019. "The economic performance of industrial and commercial rooftop photovoltaic in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:187:y:2019:i:c:s0360544219316512
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.115961
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544219316512
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2019.115961?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. He, Yongxiu & Pang, Yuexia & Li, Xinmin & Zhang, Minhui, 2018. "Dynamic subsidy model of photovoltaic distributed generation in China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 555-564.
    2. Bruck, Maira & Sandborn, Peter & Goudarzi, Navid, 2018. "A Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) model for wind farms that include Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 131-139.
    3. Yuan, Jiahai & Sun, Shenghui & Zhang, Wenhua & Xiong, Minpeng, 2014. "The economy of distributed PV in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 939-949.
    4. Zhang, Fang & Deng, Hao & Margolis, Robert & Su, Jun, 2015. "Analysis of distributed-generation photovoltaic deployment, installation time and cost, market barriers, and policies in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 43-55.
    5. Pingkuo, Liu & Zhongfu, Tan, 2016. "How to develop distributed generation in China: In the context of the reformation of electric power system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 10-26.
    6. Hancevic, Pedro I. & Nuñez, Hector M. & Rosellon, Juan, 2017. "Distributed photovoltaic power generation: Possibilities, benefits, and challenges for a widespread application in the Mexican residential sector," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 478-489.
    7. Lai, Chun Sing & McCulloch, Malcolm D., 2017. "Levelized cost of electricity for solar photovoltaic and electrical energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 191-203.
    8. Viana, Matheus Sabino & Manassero, Giovanni & Udaeta, Miguel E.M., 2018. "Analysis of demand response and photovoltaic distributed generation as resources for power utility planning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C), pages 456-466.
    9. Bazilian, Morgan & Onyeji, Ijeoma & Liebreich, Michael & MacGill, Ian & Chase, Jennifer & Shah, Jigar & Gielen, Dolf & Arent, Doug & Landfear, Doug & Zhengrong, Shi, 2013. "Re-considering the economics of photovoltaic power," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 329-338.
    10. Reichelstein, Stefan & Yorston, Michael, 2013. "The prospects for cost competitive solar PV power," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 117-127.
    11. Thiem, Sebastian & Danov, Vladimir & Metzger, Michael & Schäfer, Jochen & Hamacher, Thomas, 2017. "Project-level multi-modal energy system design - Novel approach for considering detailed component models and example case study for airports," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 691-709.
    12. Ma, Jinlong, 2011. "On-grid electricity tariffs in China: Development, reform and prospects," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(5), pages 2633-2645, May.
    13. Aho, Teemu & Virtanen, Iikka, 1983. "On relationships between ROI and IRR under inflation: A constant real cash-flow case," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 256-267, July.
    14. Ouyang, Xiaoling & Lin, Boqiang, 2014. "Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of renewable energies and required subsidies in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 64-73.
    15. Xin-gang, Zhao & Gui-wu, Jiang & Ang, Li & Yun, Li, 2016. "Technology, cost, a performance of waste-to-energy incineration industry in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 115-130.
    16. Zhao, Xingang & Zeng, Yiping & Zhao, Di, 2015. "Distributed solar photovoltaics in China: Policies and economic performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 572-583.
    17. Vilaça Gomes, P. & Knak Neto, N. & Carvalho, L. & Sumaili, J. & Saraiva, J.T. & Dias, B.H. & Miranda, V. & Souza, S.M., 2018. "Technical-economic analysis for the integration of PV systems in Brazil considering policy and regulatory issues," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 199-206.
    18. Zweibel, Ken, 2010. "Should solar photovoltaics be deployed sooner because of long operating life at low, predictable cost?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(11), pages 7519-7530, November.
    19. Obi, Manasseh & Jensen, S.M. & Ferris, Jennifer B. & Bass, Robert B., 2017. "Calculation of levelized costs of electricity for various electrical energy storage systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 908-920.
    20. Rodrigues, Sandy & Chen, Xiaoju & Morgado-Dias, F., 2017. "Economic analysis of photovoltaic systems for the residential market under China's new regulation," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 467-472.
    21. Watts, David & Valdés, Marcelo F. & Jara, Danilo & Watson, Andrea, 2015. "Potential residential PV development in Chile: The effect of Net Metering and Net Billing schemes for grid-connected PV systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 1037-1051.
    22. Xin-gang, Zhao & Zhen, Wang, 2019. "Technology, cost, economic performance of distributed photovoltaic industry in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 53-64.
    23. Ramírez-Sagner, Gonzalo & Mata-Torres, Carlos & Pino, Alan & Escobar, Rodrigo A., 2017. "Economic feasibility of residential and commercial PV technology: The Chilean case," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 332-343.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zhang, Haoran & Yan, Jinyue & Yu, Qing & Obersteiner, Michael & Li, Wenjing & Chen, Jinyu & Zhang, Qiong & Jiang, Mingkun & Wallin, Fredrik & Song, Xuan & Wu, Jiang & Wang, Xin & Shibasaki, Ryosuke, 2021. "1.6 Million transactions replicate distributed PV market slowdown by COVID-19 lockdown," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    2. Dirk Johan van Vuuren & Annlizé L. Marnewick & Jan Harm C. Pretorius, 2021. "A Financial Evaluation of a Multiple Inclination, Rooftop-Mounted, Photovoltaic System Where Structured Tariffs Apply: A Case Study of a South African Shopping Centre," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-26, March.
    3. Xu, Zhitao & Elomri, Adel & Al-Ansari, Tareq & Kerbache, Laoucine & El Mekkawy, Tarek, 2022. "Decisions on design and planning of solar-assisted hydroponic farms under various subsidy schemes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    4. Sredenšek, Klemen & Štumberger, Bojan & Hadžiselimović, Miralem & Mavsar, Primož & Seme, Sebastijan, 2022. "Physical, geographical, technical, and economic potential for the optimal configuration of photovoltaic systems using a digital surface model and optimization method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    5. Zhang, Zhengjia & Wang, Qingxiang & Liu, Zhengguang & Chen, Qi & Guo, Zhiling & Zhang, Haoran, 2023. "Renew mineral resource-based cities: Assessment of PV potential in coal mining subsidence areas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 329(C).
    6. Chen, Han & Chen, Wenying, 2021. "Status, trend, economic and environmental impacts of household solar photovoltaic development in China: Modelling from subnational perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).
    7. Patrick Gregory B. Jara & Michael T. Castro & Eugene A. Esparcia & Joey D. Ocon, 2020. "Quantifying the Techno-Economic Potential of Grid-Tied Rooftop Solar Photovoltaics in the Philippine Industrial Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-20, September.
    8. Elieser Tarigan, 2020. "Rooftop PV System Policy and Implementation Study for a Household in Indonesia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(5), pages 110-115.
    9. Ke Shi & Chuangyi Li & Choongwan Koo, 2021. "A Techno-Economic Feasibility Analysis of Mono-Si and Poly-Si Photovoltaic Systems in the Rooftop Area of Commercial Building under the Feed-In Tariff Scheme," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-22, April.
    10. Li, Jianglong & Huang, Jiashun, 2020. "The expansion of China's solar energy: Challenges and policy options," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    11. Primož Mavsar & Klemen Sredenšek & Bojan Štumberger & Miralem Hadžiselimović & Sebastijan Seme, 2019. "Simplified Method for Analyzing the Availability of Rooftop Photovoltaic Potential," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-17, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fuquan Zhao & Feiqi Liu & Han Hao & Zongwei Liu, 2020. "Carbon Emission Reduction Strategy for Energy Users in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-19, August.
    2. Sommerfeldt, Nelson & Madani, Hatef, 2017. "Revisiting the techno-economic analysis process for building-mounted, grid-connected solar photovoltaic systems: Part one – Review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 1379-1393.
    3. Zhang, Minhui & Zhang, Qin, 2020. "Grid parity analysis of distributed photovoltaic power generation in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
    4. Zheng Lu & Yunfei Chen & Qiaoqiao Fan, 2021. "Study on Feasibility of Photovoltaic Power to Grid Parity in China Based on LCOE," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-14, November.
    5. Bai, Bo & Xiong, Siqin & Song, Bo & Xiaoming, Ma, 2019. "Economic analysis of distributed solar photovoltaics with reused electric vehicle batteries as energy storage systems in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 213-229.
    6. Yuan, Jiahai & Sun, Shenghui & Zhang, Wenhua & Xiong, Minpeng, 2014. "The economy of distributed PV in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 939-949.
    7. Jiehui Yuan & Wenli Yuan & Juan Yuan & Zhihong Liu & Jia Liao & Xunmin Ou, 2023. "Policy Recommendations for Distributed Solar PV Aiming for a Carbon-Neutral Future," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-16, February.
    8. Samper, M. & Coria, G. & Facchini, M., 2021. "Grid parity analysis of distributed PV generation considering tariff policies in Argentina," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    9. Gunther Friedl & Stefan Reichelstein & Amadeus Bach & Maximilian Blaschke & Lukas Kemmer, 2023. "Applications of the levelized cost concept," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 93(6), pages 1125-1148, August.
    10. Zhao, Zhen-Yu & Chen, Yu-Long & Thomson, John Douglas, 2017. "Levelized cost of energy modeling for concentrated solar power projects: A China study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 117-127.
    11. Zou, Hongyang & Du, Huibin & Brown, Marilyn A. & Mao, Guozhu, 2017. "Large-scale PV power generation in China: A grid parity and techno-economic analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 256-268.
    12. Espinoza, R. & Muñoz-Cerón, E. & Aguilera, J. & de la Casa, J., 2019. "Feasibility evaluation of residential photovoltaic self-consumption projects in Peru," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 414-427.
    13. Adalberto Ospino-Castro & Carlos Robles-Algar n & Juan Tob n-Perez & Rafael Pe a-Gallardo & Melisa Acosta-coll, 2020. "Financing of Residential Rooftop Photovoltaic Projects Under a Net Metering Policy Framework: The Case of the Colombian Caribbean Region," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(6), pages 337-346.
    14. Xiao, Han & Song, Feng & Zheng, Xinye & Chen, Jiaying, 2023. "Community-based energy revolution: An evaluation of China's photovoltaic poverty alleviation Program's economic and social benefits," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    15. Aquila, Giancarlo & Coelho, Eden de Oliveira Pinto & Bonatto, Benedito Donizeti & Pamplona, Edson de Oliveira & Nakamura, Wilson Toshiro, 2021. "Perspective of uncertainty and risk from the CVaR-LCOE approach: An analysis of the case of PV microgeneration in Minas Gerais, Brazil," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    16. Tomosk, Steve & Haysom, Joan E. & Wright, David, 2017. "Quantifying economic risk in photovoltaic power projects," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 422-433.
    17. Li, Yunwei & Chen, Kui & Ding, Ruixin & Zhang, Jing & Hao, Yu, 2023. "How do photovoltaic poverty alleviation projects relieve household energy poverty? Evidence from China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    18. Xu, Xinkuo & Guan, Chengmei & Jin, Jiayu, 2018. "Valuing the carbon assets of distributed photovoltaic generation in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 374-382.
    19. Kayser, Dirk, 2016. "Solar photovoltaic projects in China: High investment risks and the need for institutional response," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 144-152.
    20. Zhang, Sufang, 2016. "Analysis of DSPV (distributed solar PV) power policy in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 92-100.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:187:y:2019:i:c:s0360544219316512. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.