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Combining energy efficiency at source and at consumer to reach 4th generation district heating: Economic and system dynamics analysis

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  • Ziemele, Jelena
  • Gravelsins, Armands
  • Blumberga, Andra
  • Blumberga, Dagnija

Abstract

The article examines the transition from conventional district heating (DH) system to a 4th generation DH (4GDH) system using system dynamics modeling and economic feasibility analysis. Six alternative scenarios are studied. Energy saving measures reduce energy consumption, CO2 emissions and installed capacity of heating equipment thus facilitating the transition of the DH system towards zero emission system. Reduction of the required installed heating capacity allows implementing a low-temperature regime for heat distribution networks. For four of the analyzed scenarios this regime was achieved without increase of electricity consumption for heat supply. Results show that the implementation of 4GDH depends on the policies applied. The research identifies a balance point between the implementation of energy efficiency measures at the source and at heat consumers’ side. The article shows how the price of a fossil fuel influence the share of heat energy production and the balance point between investment at the source and heat consumers side.

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  • Ziemele, Jelena & Gravelsins, Armands & Blumberga, Andra & Blumberga, Dagnija, 2017. "Combining energy efficiency at source and at consumer to reach 4th generation district heating: Economic and system dynamics analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 595-606.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:137:y:2017:i:c:p:595-606
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.04.123
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    3. Young-Jik Youn & Yong-Hoon Im, 2022. "Technical Feasibility Assessment for a Novel Fifth-Generation District Heating Model of Interconnected Operation with a Large-Scale Building," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-30, October.
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    6. Xu, Ziqiang & Li, Cheng & Mu, Lianbo & Wang, Suilin & Lu, Junhui & Lan, Yuncheng, 2024. "Leakage detection method of underground heating pipeline based on improved wavelet threshold function," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    7. Sorknæs, Peter & Nielsen, Steffen & Lund, Henrik & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Moreno, Diana & Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck, 2022. "The benefits of 4th generation district heating and energy efficient datacentres," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    8. Marco Pellegrini & Augusto Bianchini, 2018. "The Innovative Concept of Cold District Heating Networks: A Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, January.
    9. Averfalk, Helge & Werner, Sven, 2018. "Novel low temperature heat distribution technology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 526-539.
    10. Baur, Lucia & Uriona M., Mauricio, 2018. "Diffusion of photovoltaic technology in Germany: A sustainable success or an illusion driven by guaranteed feed-in tariffs?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 289-298.
    11. Handing Guo & Wanzhen Qiao & Jiren Liu, 2019. "Dynamic Feedback Analysis of Influencing Factors of Existing Building Energy-Saving Renovation Market Based on System Dynamics in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, January.
    12. Ziemele, Jelena & Talcis, Normunds & Osis, Ugis & Dace, Elina, 2021. "A methodology for selecting a sustainable development strategy for connecting low heat density consumers to a district heating system by cascading of heat carriers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    13. Pakere, Ieva & Gravelsins, Armands & Lauka, Dace & Bazbauers, Gatis & Blumberga, Dagnija, 2021. "Linking energy efficiency policies toward 4th generation district heating system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    14. Ziemele, Jelena & Gendelis, Stanislavs & Dace, Elina, 2023. "Impact of global warming and building renovation on the heat demand and district heating capacity: Case of the city of Riga," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    15. Søren Djørup & Karl Sperling & Steffen Nielsen & Poul Alborg Østergaard & Jakob Zinck Thellufsen & Peter Sorknæs & Henrik Lund & David Drysdale, 2020. "District Heating Tariffs, Economic Optimisation and Local Strategies during Radical Technological Change," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-15, March.
    16. Kristina Lygnerud, 2019. "Business Model Changes in District Heating: The Impact of the Technology Shift from the Third to the Fourth Generation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-16, May.
    17. Lund, Henrik & Duic, Neven & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2018. "Future district heating systems and technologies: On the role of smart energy systems and 4th generation district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 614-619.
    18. Ziemele, Jelena & Cilinskis, Einars & Blumberga, Dagnija, 2018. "Pathway and restriction in district heating systems development towards 4th generation district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 108-118.
    19. Víctor M. Soltero & Ricardo Chacartegui & Carlos Ortiz & Gonzalo Quirosa, 2018. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Rural 4th Generation Biomass District Heating," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-20, November.
    20. Martinopoulos, Georgios & Papakostas, Konstantinos T. & Papadopoulos, Agis M., 2018. "A comparative review of heating systems in EU countries, based on efficiency and fuel cost," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 687-699.
    21. Ziemele, Jelena & Dace, Elina, 2022. "An analytical framework for assessing the integration of the waste heat into a district heating system: Case of the city of Riga," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).

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