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Analysis of a "cluster" strategy for introducing hydrogen vehicles in Southern California

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  • Ogden, Joan
  • Nicholas, Michael

Abstract

The cost and logistics of building early hydrogen refueling infrastructure are key barriers to the commercialization of fuel cell vehicles. In this paper, we explore a "cluster strategy" for introducing hydrogen vehicles and refueling infrastructure in Southern California over the next decade, to satisfy California's Zero Emission Vehicle regulation. Clustering refers to coordinated introduction of hydrogen vehicles and refueling infrastructure in a few focused geographic areas such as smaller cities (e.g. Santa Monica, Irvine) within a larger region (e.g. Los Angeles Basin). We analyze several transition scenarios for introducing hundreds to tens of thousands of vehicles and 8-42 stations, considering: - Station placement - Convenience of the refueling network - Type of hydrogen supply - Economics (capital and operating costs of stations, hydrogen cost). A cluster strategy provides good convenience and reliability with a small number of strategically placed stations, reducing infrastructure costs. A cash flow analysis estimates infrastructure investments of $120-170 million might be needed to build a network of 42 stations serving the first 25,000 vehicles. As more vehicles are introduced, the network expands, larger stations are built and the cost of hydrogen becomes competitive on a cents per mile basis with gasoline.

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  • Ogden, Joan & Nicholas, Michael, 2011. "Analysis of a "cluster" strategy for introducing hydrogen vehicles in Southern California," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(4), pages 1923-1938, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:39:y:2011:i:4:p:1923-1938
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    Cited by:

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    2. Yueyue Fan & Allen Lee & Nathan Parkerf & Daniel Scheitrum & Amy Myers Jaffe & Rosa Dominguez-Faus & Kenneth Medlock III, 2017. "Geospatial, Temporal and Economic Analysis of Alternative Fuel Infrastructure: The Case of Freight and U.S. Natural Gas Markets," The Energy Journal, , vol. 38(6), pages 199-230, November.
    3. Ruffini, Eleonora & Wei, Max, 2018. "Future costs of fuel cell electric vehicles in California using a learning rate approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 329-341.
    4. Kelley, Scott & Krafft, Aimee & Kuby, Michael & Lopez, Oscar & Stotts, Rhian & Liu, Jingteng, 2020. "How early hydrogen fuel cell vehicle adopters geographically evaluate a network of refueling stations in California," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    5. Matteo Muratori & Brian Bush & Chad Hunter & Marc W. Melaina, 2018. "Modeling Hydrogen Refueling Infrastructure to Support Passenger Vehicles †," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-14, May.
    6. Ogden, Joan & Jaffe, Amy Myers & Scheitrum, Daniel & McDonald, Zane & Miller, Marshall, 2018. "Natural gas as a bridge to hydrogen transportation fuel: Insights from the literature," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 317-329.
    7. Gao, Jiayang & Zhang, Tao, 2022. "Effects of public funding on the commercial diffusion of on-site hydrogen production technology: A system dynamics perspective," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    8. Xu, Xinhai & Xu, Ben & Dong, Jun & Liu, Xiaotong, 2017. "Near-term analysis of a roll-out strategy to introduce fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen stations in Shenzhen China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 229-237.
    9. Zhao, Tian & Liu, Zhixin & Jamasb, Tooraj, 2022. "Developing hydrogen refueling stations: An evolutionary game approach and the case of China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    10. Scott Kelley, 2018. "Driver Use and Perceptions of Refueling Stations Near Freeways in a Developing Infrastructure for Alternative Fuel Vehicles," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 7(11), pages 1-18, November.
    11. Reuß, Markus & Grube, Thomas & Robinius, Martin & Stolten, Detlef, 2019. "A hydrogen supply chain with spatial resolution: Comparative analysis of infrastructure technologies in Germany," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C), pages 438-453.
    12. Nistor, Silviu & Dave, Saraansh & Fan, Zhong & Sooriyabandara, Mahesh, 2016. "Technical and economic analysis of hydrogen refuelling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 211-220.
    13. Kuby, Michael & Capar, Ismail & Kim, Jong-Geun, 2017. "Efficient and equitable transnational infrastructure planning for natural gas trucking in the European Union," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 257(3), pages 979-991.
    14. He, X. & Wang, F. & Wallington, T.J. & Shen, W. & Melaina, M.W. & Kim, H.C. & De Kleine, R. & Lin, T. & Zhang, S. & Keoleian, G.A. & Lu, X. & Wu, Y., 2021. "Well-to-wheels emissions, costs, and feedstock potentials for light-duty hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in China in 2017 and 2030," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).

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