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A game-theoretic approach to investigating the negative externalities between renewable and non-renewable energy suppliers under government sustainability goals: A case study of Iran

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  • Jamali, Mohammad-Bagher
  • Rasti-Barzoki, Morteza
  • Khosroshahi, Hossein

Abstract

Neglecting the negative externalities in the competition between renewable and non-renewable electricity suppliers results in market failure. This study explores the government's role in mitigating this failure within an electricity market comprising both renewable and non-renewable supply chains, considering various sustainability goals. To this end, the government sets four sustainability goals: maximum revenue, reducing carbon emissions, saving water, and reducing human mortality from air pollution during electricity generation. Under these goals, renewable and non-renewable electricity pricing decisions in a competition between these two supply chains are studied. The government pursues two strategies: (I) Subsidizing consumers of renewable electricity and (II) the expenditure sharing of improving the technology level related to reducing water consumption for the non-renewable supplier. Data is extracted based on the case study of Iran for model validation. The results indicate that government's policy goals significantly impact renewable energy outcomes. Prioritizing water-saving enhances technology upgrades, while optimizing renewable electricity pricing, demand, and supplier profitability. Additionally, our findings suggest that the carbon emission reduction goal yields less favorable results than the water-saving goal.

Suggested Citation

  • Jamali, Mohammad-Bagher & Rasti-Barzoki, Morteza & Khosroshahi, Hossein, 2025. "A game-theoretic approach to investigating the negative externalities between renewable and non-renewable energy suppliers under government sustainability goals: A case study of Iran," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:199:y:2025:i:c:s030142152500031x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114524
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