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Interactions between renewable energy tokens, oil shocks, and clean energy investments: Do COP26 policies matter?

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  • Naifar, Nader

Abstract

This paper examines the interactions between oil shocks (supply, demand, and risk shocks), renewable energy investments (solar, wind, biofuels, geothermal, and fuel cell), and renewable energy tokens (Powerledger and WePower), focusing on the impact of COP26 policies. Using a partial and decomposed connectedness methodology, key findings indicate that oil demand shocks are the primary net receiver of spillovers, while solar energy plays a central role as a net transmitter within the clean energy market. The results also reveal a decline in connectedness between oil shocks and renewable energy markets post-COP26, highlighting the growing resilience of renewable energy sectors to oil price volatility. Furthermore, the increasing integration of renewable energy tokens with traditional clean energy investments suggests that digital assets are gaining traction within the renewable energy market. The findings offer policy implications for international climate agreements, emphasizing the importance of continued support for renewable energy markets and the need for regulatory frameworks to manage the emerging role of renewable energy tokens.

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  • Naifar, Nader, 2025. "Interactions between renewable energy tokens, oil shocks, and clean energy investments: Do COP26 policies matter?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:198:y:2025:i:c:s0301421525000047
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114497
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