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Testing for spatial lag dependence and homoskedasticity in a random effects panel data model

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  • Baltagi, Badi H.
  • Liu, Long

Abstract

This paper derives a joint Lagrange Multiplier (LM) test for spatial correlation and homoskedasticity for a spatial autoregressive (SAR) panel model with random effects. The heteroskedasticity in the random effects term is an unknown function of known strictly exogenous variables as in Holly and Gardiol (2000). The latter paper deals with a panel random effects model with heteroskedasticity that ignores the spatial correlation. Conditional LM tests for homoskedasticity given spatial lag correlation, as well as zero spatial lag correlation given heteroskedasticity are also derived. Monte Carlo experiments are performed to study the small sample performance of these tests.

Suggested Citation

  • Baltagi, Badi H. & Liu, Long, 2025. "Testing for spatial lag dependence and homoskedasticity in a random effects panel data model," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecolet:v:254:y:2025:i:c:s0165176525003064
    DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112469
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kelejian, Harry H & Prucha, Ingmar R, 1999. "A Generalized Moments Estimator for the Autoregressive Parameter in a Spatial Model," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 40(2), pages 509-533, May.
    2. Kelejian, Harry H. & Prucha, Ingmar R., 2010. "Specification and estimation of spatial autoregressive models with autoregressive and heteroskedastic disturbances," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 157(1), pages 53-67, July.
    3. Kelejian, Harry H. & Prucha, Ingmar R., 2007. "HAC estimation in a spatial framework," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 140(1), pages 131-154, September.
    4. Irani Arraiz & David M. Drukker & Harry H. Kelejian & Ingmar R. Prucha, 2010. "A Spatial Cliff‐Ord‐Type Model With Heteroskedastic Innovations: Small And Large Sample Results," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(2), pages 592-614, May.
    5. T. S. Breusch & A. R. Pagan, 1980. "The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 47(1), pages 239-253.
    6. Baltagi, Badi H. & Liu, Long, 2008. "Testing for random effects and spatial lag dependence in panel data models," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 78(18), pages 3304-3306, December.
    7. Luc Anselin & Raymond J. G. M. Florax, 1995. "Small Sample Properties of Tests for Spatial Dependence in Regression Models: Some Further Results," Advances in Spatial Science, in: Luc Anselin & Raymond J. G. M. Florax (ed.), New Directions in Spatial Econometrics, chapter 2, pages 21-74, Springer.
    8. Nilanjana Roy, 2002. "Is Adaptive Estimation Useful For Panel Models With Heteroskedasticity In The Individual Specific Error Component? Some Monte Carlo Evidence," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(2), pages 189-203.
    9. Lung‐fei Lee & Jihai Yu, 2012. "Spatial Panels: Random Components Versus Fixed Effects," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 53(4), pages 1369-1412, November.
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    11. Baltagi, Badi H. & Pirotte, Alain & Yang, Zhenlin, 2021. "Diagnostic tests for homoskedasticity in spatial cross-sectional or panel models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 224(2), pages 245-270.
    12. Badi H. Baltagi, 2021. "Econometric Analysis of Panel Data," Springer Texts in Business and Economics, Springer, edition 6, number 978-3-030-53953-5, January.
    13. Baltagi, Badi H. & Song, Seuck Heun & Kwon, Jae Hyeok, 2009. "Testing for heteroskedasticity and spatial correlation in a random effects panel data model," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 53(8), pages 2897-2922, June.
    14. H. Kelejian, Harry & Prucha, Ingmar R., 2001. "On the asymptotic distribution of the Moran I test statistic with applications," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 104(2), pages 219-257, September.
    15. Baltagi, Badi H & Griffin, James M, 1988. "A Generalized Error Component Model with Heteroscedastic Disturbances," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 29(4), pages 745-753, November.
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • C12 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Hypothesis Testing: General
    • C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models

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