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Quantifying market risk with Value-at-Risk or Expected Shortfall? – Consequences for capital requirements and model risk

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  • Kellner, Ralf
  • Rösch, Daniel

Abstract

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision recently proposed fundamental changes in the regulatory treatment of financial institutions׳ trading book positions. Among others, a replacement of Value-at-Risk (α=0.99) by Expected Shortfall (α=0.975) for the quantification of market risk is recommended. While this increases capital requirements for heavy tailed risks, its consequences for model risk related to the estimation process have not been explored. Hence, the aim of this paper is to analyze how both risk measures react to different sources of model risk in order to better understand the impact of the intended change in risk measures. Our results show that the Expected Shortfall (α=0.975) is more sensitive towards regulatory arbitrage and parameter misspecification. We find that this is based on a trade-off between a model׳s ability to better capture the heavy tailed behavior of risks and a higher vulnerability to model risk. These new aspects should be taken into account in the regulatory decision for Expected Shortfall (α=0.975).

Suggested Citation

  • Kellner, Ralf & Rösch, Daniel, 2016. "Quantifying market risk with Value-at-Risk or Expected Shortfall? – Consequences for capital requirements and model risk," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 45-63.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:dyncon:v:68:y:2016:i:c:p:45-63
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2016.05.002
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    Cited by:

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    3. Robina Iqbal & Ghulam Sorwar & Rose Baker & Taufiq Choudhry, 2020. "Multiday expected shortfall under generalized t distributions: evidence from global stock market," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 803-825, October.
    4. Mohammed Berkhouch & Fernanda Maria Müller & Ghizlane Lakhnati & Marcelo Brutti Righi, 2022. "Deviation-Based Model Risk Measures," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 59(2), pages 527-547, February.
    5. Yam Wing Siu, 2020. "Impact of Expected Shortfall Approach on Capital Requirement Under Basel," Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies (RPBFMP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 22(04), pages 1-34, January.
    6. Degiannakis, Stavros & Potamia, Artemis, 2017. "Multiple-days-ahead value-at-risk and expected shortfall forecasting for stock indices, commodities and exchange rates: Inter-day versus intra-day data," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 176-190.
    7. Pitera, Marcin & Schmidt, Thorsten, 2018. "Unbiased estimation of risk," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 133-145.
    8. James Ming Chen, 2018. "On Exactitude in Financial Regulation: Value-at-Risk, Expected Shortfall, and Expectiles," Risks, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-28, June.
    9. Fahad Almudhaf, 2018. "Backtesting expected shortfall: evidence from European securitized real estate," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(3), pages 176-182, February.
    10. Fernanda Maria Müller & Marcelo Brutti Righi, 2018. "Numerical comparison of multivariate models to forecasting risk measures," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 20(1), pages 29-50, February.
    11. Dominique Guegan & Bertrand K. Hassani & Kehan Li, 2016. "Measuring risks in the extreme tail: The extreme VaR and its confidence interval," Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 16034rr, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1), Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, revised Jan 2017.
    12. Dominique Guegan & Bertrand Hassani & Kehan Li, 2017. "Measuring risks in the extreme tail: The extreme VaR and its confidence interval," Post-Print halshs-01317391, HAL.
    13. Nikola Radivojević & Nikola V. Ćurčić & Djurdjica Dj. Vukajlović, 2017. "Hull-White’s value at risk model: case study of Baltic equities market," Journal of Business Economics and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(5), pages 1023-1041, September.
    14. Marcelo Brutti Righi, 2018. "A theory for combinations of risk measures," Papers 1807.01977, arXiv.org, revised May 2023.
    15. Del Brio, Esther B. & Mora-Valencia, Andrés & Perote, Javier, 2020. "Risk quantification for commodity ETFs: Backtesting value-at-risk and expected shortfall," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    16. Müller, Fernanda Maria & Santos, Samuel Solgon & Gössling, Thalles Weber & Righi, Marcelo Brutti, 2022. "Comparison of risk forecasts for cryptocurrencies: A focus on Range Value at Risk," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    17. Jose Arreola Hernandez & Sang Hoon Kang & Seong‐Min Yoon, 2022. "Nonlinear spillover and portfolio allocation characteristics of energy equity sectors: Evidence from the United States and Canada," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(1), pages 1-33, February.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Model risk; Capital requirements; Value-at-Risk; Expected Shortfall;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C10 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - General
    • C53 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Forecasting and Prediction Models; Simulation Methods
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

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