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Optimized exit door locations for a safer emergency evacuation using crowd evacuation model and artificial bee colony optimization

Author

Listed:
  • Khamis, Nurulaqilla
  • Selamat, Hazlina
  • Ismail, Fatimah Sham
  • Lutfy, Omar Farouq
  • Haniff, Mohamad Fadzli
  • Nordin, Ili Najaa Aimi Mohd

Abstract

Overcrowding during emergency evacuation can cause crowd stampede and trampling that will lead to serious injuries or fatalities. These situations are likely to occur in natural or man-made disasters in open or closed spaces. The inefficient building design such as the unsuitable placement of an exit door is one of the key factors that contribute to the above tragedies. Most existing works used a trial and error method for a single room scenario in finding optimal locations of the exit doors. The main limitation in these works is that it is not suitable for handling multi-room problems and more complex room arrangements, since such problems would require a tedious process. To overcome this limitation, Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization algorithm based on stochastic method is proposed in this paper. Compared to other optimization techniques, this algorithm requires less control parameters to be tuned in finding the most optimal exit door locations. A crowd evacuation model based on the Social Force Model (SFM) is used in representing the crowd dynamics and becomes the basis for the cost functions for the optimizer. The presented methodology has shown that the optimum locations of exit doors for a multi-room scenario can improve the evacuation efficiency; by minimizing crowd evacuation times and maximizing the number of people being evacuated. It is also clearly demonstrated that the optimized design is remarkable in improving the evacuation efficiency under different desired speed of crowd to evacuate.

Suggested Citation

  • Khamis, Nurulaqilla & Selamat, Hazlina & Ismail, Fatimah Sham & Lutfy, Omar Farouq & Haniff, Mohamad Fadzli & Nordin, Ili Najaa Aimi Mohd, 2020. "Optimized exit door locations for a safer emergency evacuation using crowd evacuation model and artificial bee colony optimization," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:131:y:2020:i:c:s0960077919304576
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2019.109505
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alessandro D’Amico & Martina Russo & Marco Angelosanti & Gabriele Bernardini & Donatella Vicari & Enrico Quagliarini & Edoardo Currà, 2021. "Built Environment Typologies Prone to Risk: A Cluster Analysis of Open Spaces in Italian Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-32, August.
    2. Jong-Yeong Son & Young-Hoon Bae & Young-Chan Kim & Ryun-Seok Oh & Won-Hwa Hong & Jun-Ho Choi, 2020. "Consideration of the Door Opening Process in Pedestrian Flow: Experiments on Door Opening Direction, Door Handle Type, and Limited Visibility," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-16, October.
    3. Xuefeng Zhao & Lingli Huang & Zhe Sun & Xiongtao Fan & Meng Zhang, 2023. "Design Optimization of Building Exit Locations Based on Building Information Model and Ontology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-18, August.
    4. Maren S. Barth & Katharina Palm & Henrik Andersson & Tobias A. Granberg & Anders N. Gullhav & Andreas Krüger, 2024. "Emergency exit layout planning using optimization and agent-based simulation," Computational Management Science, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 1-25, June.
    5. Hu, Yanghui & Bi, Yubo & Ren, Xiangxia & Huang, Shenshi & Gao, Wei, 2023. "Experimental study on the impact of a stationary pedestrian obstacle at the exit on evacuation," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 626(C).

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