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Numerical investigation of thermal behaviors in lithium-ion battery stack discharge

Author

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  • Liu, Rui
  • Chen, Jixin
  • Xun, Jingzhi
  • Jiao, Kui
  • Du, Qing

Abstract

Thermal management is critically important to maintain the performance and prolong the lifetime of a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery. In this paper, a two-dimensional and transient model has been developed for the thermal management of a 20-flat-plate-battery stack, followed by comprehensive numerical simulations to study the influences of ambient temperature, Reynolds number, and discharge rate on the temperature distribution in the stack with different cooling materials. The simulation results indicate that liquid cooling is generally more effective in reducing temperature compared to phase-change material, while the latter can lead to more homogeneous temperature distribution. Fast and deep discharge should be avoided, which generally yields high temperature beyond the acceptable range regardless of cooling materials. At low or even subzero ambient temperatures, air cooling is preferred over liquid cooling because heat needs to be retained rather than removed. Such difference becomes small when the ambient temperature increases to a mild level. The effects of Reynolds number are apparent in liquid cooling but negligible in air cooling. Choosing appropriate cooling material and strategy is particularly important in low ambient temperature and fast discharge cases. These findings improve the understanding of battery stack thermal behaviors and provide the general guidelines for thermal management system. The present model can also be used in developing control system to optimize battery stack thermal behaviors.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Rui & Chen, Jixin & Xun, Jingzhi & Jiao, Kui & Du, Qing, 2014. "Numerical investigation of thermal behaviors in lithium-ion battery stack discharge," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 288-297.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:132:y:2014:i:c:p:288-297
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.07.024
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zheng, Qiong & Zhang, Huamin & Xing, Feng & Ma, Xiangkun & Li, Xianfeng & Ning, Guiling, 2014. "A three-dimensional model for thermal analysis in a vanadium flow battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1675-1685.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jiang, Z.Y. & Qu, Z.G., 2019. "Lithium–ion battery thermal management using heat pipe and phase change material during discharge–charge cycle: A comprehensive numerical study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 378-392.
    2. Feng, Xuning & He, Xiangming & Ouyang, Minggao & Lu, Languang & Wu, Peng & Kulp, Christian & Prasser, Stefan, 2015. "Thermal runaway propagation model for designing a safer battery pack with 25Ah LiNixCoyMnzO2 large format lithium ion battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 74-91.
    3. Xiongbin Peng & Xujian Cui & Xiangping Liao & Akhil Garg, 2020. "A Thermal Investigation and Optimization of an Air-Cooled Lithium-Ion Battery Pack," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-20, June.
    4. Quanyi Li & Jong-Rae Cho & Jianguang Zhai, 2021. "Optimization of Thermal Management System with Water and Phase Change Material Cooling for Li-Ion Battery Pack," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-13, August.
    5. Kim, Hong-Keun & Lee, Kyu-Jin, 2023. "Use of a multiphysics model to investigate the performance and degradation of lithium-ion battery packs with different electrical configurations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
    6. Oh, Ki-Yong & Epureanu, Bogdan I., 2016. "Characterization and modeling of the thermal mechanics of lithium-ion battery cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 633-646.
    7. Rao, Zhonghao & Wang, Qingchao & Huang, Congliang, 2016. "Investigation of the thermal performance of phase change material/mini-channel coupled battery thermal management system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 659-669.
    8. Wang, Limei & Cheng, Yong & Zhao, Xiuliang, 2015. "Influence of connecting plate resistance upon LiFePO4 battery performance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 353-360.
    9. Klein, M. & Tong, S. & Park, J.W., 2016. "In-plane nonuniform temperature effects on the performance of a large-format lithium-ion pouch cell," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 639-647.
    10. Coleman, Brittany & Ostanek, Jason & Heinzel, John, 2016. "Reducing cell-to-cell spacing for large-format lithium ion battery modules with aluminum or PCM heat sinks under failure conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 14-26.
    11. Jaguemont, J. & Boulon, L. & Dubé, Y., 2016. "A comprehensive review of lithium-ion batteries used in hybrid and electric vehicles at cold temperatures," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 99-114.
    12. Bai, Fanfei & Chen, Mingbiao & Song, Wenji & Yu, Qinghua & Li, Yongliang & Feng, Ziping & Ding, Yulong, 2019. "Investigation of thermal management for lithium-ion pouch battery module based on phase change slurry and mini channel cooling plate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 561-574.
    13. Basu, Suman & Hariharan, Krishnan S. & Kolake, Subramanya Mayya & Song, Taewon & Sohn, Dong Kee & Yeo, Taejung, 2016. "Coupled electrochemical thermal modelling of a novel Li-ion battery pack thermal management system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 1-13.
    14. Zhang, Yuntian & Zuo, Wei & E, Jiaqiang & Li, Jing & Li, Qingqing & Sun, Ke & Zhou, Kun & Zhang, Guangde, 2022. "Performance comparison between straight channel cold plate and inclined channel cold plate for thermal management of a prismatic LiFePO4 battery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    15. Kumar, Kartik & Sarkar, Jahar & Mondal, Swasti Sundar, 2024. "Analysis of ternary hybrid nanofluid in microchannel-cooled cylindrical Li-ion battery pack using multi-scale multi-domain framework," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 355(C).
    16. Xu, Xinhai & Li, Wenzheng & Xu, Ben & Qin, Jiang, 2019. "Numerical study on a water cooling system for prismatic LiFePO4 batteries at abused operating conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 404-412.
    17. Asma Mohamad Aris & Bahman Shabani, 2015. "Sustainable Power Supply Solutions for Off-Grid Base Stations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-38, September.
    18. Chen, Yiming & Chen, Kai & Dong, Yuan & Wu, Xiaoling, 2022. "Bidirectional symmetrical parallel mini-channel cold plate for energy efficient cooling of large battery packs," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    19. Zhiguo Tang & Anqi Song & Shoucheng Wang & Jianping Cheng & Changfa Tao, 2020. "Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer Mechanism of Thermal Runaway Propagation for Cylindrical Lithium-ion Cells in Battery Module," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-18, February.
    20. Bahman Shabani & Manu Biju, 2015. "Theoretical Modelling Methods for Thermal Management of Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-25, September.
    21. Rajib Mahamud & Chanwoo Park, 2022. "Theory and Practices of Li-Ion Battery Thermal Management for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-45, May.
    22. Ma, Yan & Mou, Hongyuan & Zhao, Haiyan, 2020. "Cooling optimization strategy for lithium-ion batteries based on triple-step nonlinear method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    23. Zhao, Yanqi & Zou, Boyang & Zhang, Tongtong & Jiang, Zhu & Ding, Jianning & Ding, Yulong, 2022. "A comprehensive review of composite phase change material based thermal management system for lithium-ion batteries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    24. Ping, Ping & Wang, Qingsong & Chung, Youngmann & Wen, Jennifer, 2017. "Modelling electro-thermal response of lithium-ion batteries from normal to abuse conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1327-1344.

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