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Low-temperature cold-start gaseous emissions of late technology passenger cars

Author

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  • Dardiotis, Christos
  • Martini, Giorgio
  • Marotta, Alessandro
  • Manfredi, Urbano

Abstract

The control of exhaust emissions from modern vehicles is primarily based on the use of after-treatment devices, typically consisting in different types of catalysts. The efficiency of catalytic systems however strictly depends on their temperature, achieving certain effectiveness in reducing emissions only above the light-off temperature. Moreover, the enrichment of the air/fuel mixture during cold-start engine operation, in order to compensate for the reduced fuel vaporization and elevated engine components friction, leads to incomplete fuel combustion. These two factors generally contribute to elevated emissions during cold-start operation, especially under low ambient temperatures. We investigated the gaseous emission performance of thirteen late technology vehicles over the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), at 22°C and −7°C test cell temperatures. The test fleet included gasoline vehicles both Port Fuel Injection (PFI) and Gasoline Direct Injection (G-DI) as well as diesel vehicles, amongst which a fully Euro 6 compliant vehicle equipped with a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system.

Suggested Citation

  • Dardiotis, Christos & Martini, Giorgio & Marotta, Alessandro & Manfredi, Urbano, 2013. "Low-temperature cold-start gaseous emissions of late technology passenger cars," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 468-478.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:111:y:2013:i:c:p:468-478
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.04.093
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Frondel, Manuel & Marggraf, Clemens & Sommer, Stephan & Vance, Colin, 2021. "Reducing vehicle cold start emissions through carbon pricing: Evidence from Germany," Ruhr Economic Papers 896, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
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    11. Barouch Giechaskiel, 2018. "Solid Particle Number Emission Factors of Euro VI Heavy-Duty Vehicles on the Road and in the Laboratory," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-24, February.
    12. Juliet Namukasa & Sheila Namagembe & Faridah Nakayima, 2020. "Fuel Efficiency Vehicle Adoption and Carbon Emissions in a Country Context," International Journal of Global Sustainability, Macrothink Institute, vol. 4(1), pages 1-21, December.
    13. Di Battista, D. & Cipollone, R., 2016. "Experimental and numerical assessment of methods to reduce warm up time of engine lubricant oil," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 570-580.
    14. Chalet, David & Lesage, Matisse & Cormerais, Mickaël & Marimbordes, Thierry, 2017. "Nodal modelling for advanced thermal-management of internal combustion engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 99-113.
    15. Guille des Buttes, Alice & Jeanneret, Bruno & Kéromnès, Alan & Le Moyne, Luis & Pélissier, Serge, 2020. "Energy management strategy to reduce pollutant emissions during the catalyst light-off of parallel hybrid vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    16. Giorgio Previati & Giampiero Mastinu & Massimiliano Gobbi, 2022. "Thermal Management of Electrified Vehicles—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-29, February.
    17. Zhishuang Li & Ziman Wang & Haoyang Mo & Han Wu, 2022. "Effect of the Air Flow on the Combustion Process and Preheating Effect of the Intake Manifold Burner," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-17, April.
    18. Danilo Engelmann & Yan Zimmerli & Jan Czerwinski & Peter Bonsack, 2021. "Real Driving Emissions in Extended Driving Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-19, November.
    19. Kölbig, Mila & Bürger, Inga & Linder, Marc, 2021. "Thermal applications in vehicles using Hydralloy C5 in single and coupled metal hydride systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).
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