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Evapotranspiration and water use efficiency of continuous maize and maize and soybean in rotation in the upper Midwest U.S

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  • Hussain, Mir Zaman
  • Hamilton, Stephen K.
  • Bhardwaj, Ajay K.
  • Basso, Bruno
  • Thelen, Kurt D.
  • Robertson, G.P.

Abstract

This study examined evapotranspiration (ET) from no-till, rainfed maize and soybean during three growing seasons (May-Sep) of normal rainfall years (2009, 2010, 2011) and a drought year (2012) in Michigan, USA, based on daily soil water uptake measured by time-domain reflectometry at multiple depths through the root zone. During normal rainfall years, growing-season ET was similar between continuous maize (mean ± standard deviation: 471 ± 47 mm) and maize in rotation (469 ± 51 mm). During the drought year, ET decreased by only 3% for continuous maize but by 20% for maize in rotation. During the normal rainfall years, ET for soybean (453 ± 34 mm) was statistically indistinguishable from ET for maize, and was lower during the drought year (333 mm). Water use efficiency (WUE), calculated from harvest yield (grain + corn stover) and ET, was 25.3 ± 4.2 kg ha−1 mm-1 for continuous maize and 27.3 ± 3.1 kg ha−1 mm−1 for maize in rotation during the normal rainfall years, whereas WUEs for both continuous maize and maize in rotation were much lower in the 2012 drought year (14.0 and 15.5 kg ha−1 mm−1, respectively), coincident with lower production. Soybean had a much lower WUE than maize during the three normal years (6.95 ± 0.96 kg ha−1 mm−1) and the drought year (4.57 kg ha−1 mm−1), also explained by lower yield. Both maize and soybean tended to use all available water in the soil profile; there was no consistent difference in ET between these crops, while yield varied markedly from year to year.

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  • Hussain, Mir Zaman & Hamilton, Stephen K. & Bhardwaj, Ajay K. & Basso, Bruno & Thelen, Kurt D. & Robertson, G.P., 2019. "Evapotranspiration and water use efficiency of continuous maize and maize and soybean in rotation in the upper Midwest U.S," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 92-98.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:221:y:2019:i:c:p:92-98
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.02.049
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Li, Sien & Kang, Shaozhong & Li, Fusheng & Zhang, Lu, 2008. "Evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of spring maize with plastic mulch using eddy covariance in northwest China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 95(11), pages 1214-1222, November.
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    3. Wade, Tara & Claassen, Roger & Wallander, Steven, 2015. "Conservation-Practice Adoption Rates Vary Widely by Crop and Region," Economic Information Bulletin 262111, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
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    4. Ferin, Kelsie M. & Kucharik, Christopher J., 2024. "Irrigation expansion shows potential for increased maize yield and reduced nitrogen leaching in the Midwest US," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    5. Kevin De Haan & Myroslava Khomik & Adam Green & Warren Helgason & Merrin L. Macrae & Mazda Kompanizare & Richard M. Petrone, 2021. "Assessment of Different Water Use Efficiency Calculations for Dominant Forage Crops in the Great Lakes Basin," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-19, August.
    6. Yi, Jun & Li, Huijie & Zhao, Ying & Shao, Ming'an & Zhang, Hailin & Liu, Muxing, 2022. "Assessing soil water balance to optimize irrigation schedules of flood-irrigated maize fields with different cultivation histories in the arid region," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    7. Elfarkh, Jamal & Johansen, Kasper & El Hajj, Marcel M. & Almashharawi, Samir K. & McCabe, Matthew F., 2023. "Evapotranspiration, gross primary productivity and water use efficiency over a high-density olive orchard using ground and satellite based data," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).

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