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Pasture and forage crop systems for non-irrigated dairy farms in southern Australia. 1. Physical production and economic performance

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  • Chapman, D.F.
  • Kenny, S.N.
  • Beca, D.
  • Johnson, I.R.

Abstract

The dairy industry in southern Australia relies on perennial ryegrass pasture to supply 60-70% of the diet of lactating cows. Improvements in the amount and quality of home-grown forage used for dairy cow feeding are critical for further productivity gains in the industry. A modeling approach was used to estimate the effects of changing the forage system on farm business profit. Base models (using 100% of farm area in perennial ryegrass pasture) were constructed for above-average (Top 40%) and high performing (Top 10%) farm types typical of two locations: Terang in southwest Victoria and Ellinbank in Gippsland, eastern Victoria. These models were then re-simulated using different forage base options such as: oversowing annual ryegrass, winter crops (annual ryegrass monoculture, winter cereal grown for whole crop silage), summer crops (grazing brassicas, maize), combinations of these (double cropping), or summer shoulder pasture (notionally based on tall fescue) on between 10% and 100% of farm area. Estimated total home-grown forage consumption ranged between 6.7 and 10.2 t DM/ha/year for Terang and 7.8 and 11.9 t DM/ha/year for Ellinbank. Within farm types at Terang, the amount of home-grown forage consumed explained between 30% and 45% of the variation in operating profit. The models predicted that profit improvements of $70-$100 per hectare per additional tonne of home-grown forage consumed are possible from changing the forage base. Oversowing annual ryegrass led to greater forage supply, but only at times when pasture availability was largely adequate to meet current herd requirements therefore additional feed was not used as cost-effectively as other options. By contrast, the summer shoulder pasture type shifted the seasonal distribution of forage supply further into summer compared to perennial ryegrass, and led to higher amounts of pasture in the diet and greater profitability. Double cropping systems also appeared capable of increasing operating profit and total home-grown forage consumption. Increasing home-grown forage consumption and profit by using some of the alternative pastures and forage crops investigated here requires better information on crop/pasture agronomy, management and feeding, and greater decision-making and management input compared to current systems.

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  • Chapman, D.F. & Kenny, S.N. & Beca, D. & Johnson, I.R., 2008. "Pasture and forage crop systems for non-irrigated dairy farms in southern Australia. 1. Physical production and economic performance," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 97(3), pages 108-125, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agisys:v:97:y:2008:i:3:p:108-125
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    1. Cacho, O. J. & Bywater, A. C. & Dillon, J. L., 1999. "Assessment of production risk in grazing models," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 60(2), pages 87-98, May.
    2. Donnelly, J. R. & Freer, M. & Salmon, L. & Moore, A. D. & Simpson, R. J. & Dove, H. & Bolger, T. P., 2002. "Evolution of the GRAZPLAN decision support tools and adoption by the grazing industry in temperate Australia," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 74(1), pages 115-139, October.
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    1. Chapman, D.F. & Kenny, S.N. & Lane, N., 2011. "Pasture and forage crop systems for non-irrigated dairy farms in southern Australia: 3. Estimated economic value of additional home-grown feed," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 104(8), pages 589-599, October.
    2. Bilotto, Franco & Recavarren, Paulo & Vibart, Ronaldo & Machado, Claudio F., 2019. "Backgrounding strategy effects on farm productivity, profitability and greenhouse gas emissions of cow-calf systems in the Flooding Pampas of Argentina," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    3. Eastwood, C.R. & Chapman, D.F. & Paine, M.S., 2012. "Networks of practice for co-construction of agricultural decision support systems: Case studies of precision dairy farms in Australia," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 10-18.
    4. Piotr Goliński & Patrycja Sobolewska & Barbara Stefańska & Barbara Golińska, 2022. "Virtual Fencing Technology for Cattle Management in the Pasture Feeding System—A Review," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.
    5. Berger, Horacio & Bilotto, Franco & Bell, Lindsay W. & Machado, Claudio F., 2017. "Feedbase intervention in a cow-calf system in the flooding pampas of Argentina: 2. Estimation of the marginal value of additional feed," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 68-77.
    6. Christie, Karen M. & Smith, Andrew P. & Rawnsley, Richard P. & Harrison, Matthew T. & Eckard, Richard J., 2018. "Simulated seasonal responses of grazed dairy pastures to nitrogen fertilizer in SE Australia: Pasture production," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 36-47.
    7. Vogeler, Iris & Vibart, Ronaldo & Cichota, Rogerio, 2017. "Potential benefits of diverse pasture swards for sheep and beef farming," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 78-89.
    8. Tarrant, Katherine A. & Armstrong, Dan P. & Ho, Christie K.M. & Wales, W.J. & Malcolm, Bill, 2010. "An economic analysis of options for utilising additional land on a high rainfall Gippsland dairy farm," 2010 Conference (54th), February 10-12, 2010, Adelaide, Australia 59164, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society.
    9. Ojeda, J.J. & Pembleton, K.G. & Islam, M.R. & Agnusdei, M.G. & Garcia, S.C., 2016. "Evaluation of the agricultural production systems simulator simulating Lucerne and annual ryegrass dry matter yield in the Argentine Pampas and south-eastern Australia," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 61-75.
    10. Lewis, Claire D. & Smith, Kevin F. & Jacobs, Joe L. & Ho, Christie K.M. & Leddin, Clare M. & Malcolm, Bill, 2020. "Using a two-price market value method to value extra pasture DM in different seasons," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    11. Fariña, S.R. & Alford, A. & Garcia, S.C. & Fulkerson, W.J., 2013. "An integrated assessment of business risk for pasture-based dairy farm systems intensification," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 10-20.
    12. Smith, Andrew P. & Western, Andrew W., 2013. "Predicting nitrogen dynamics in a dairy farming catchment using systems synthesis modelling," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 144-154.
    13. Bilotto, Franco & Vibart, Ronaldo & Wall, Andrew & Machado, Claudio F., 2021. "Estimation of the inter-annual marginal value of additional feed and its replacement cost for beef cattle systems in the Flooding Pampas of Argentina," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    14. Chapman, D.F. & Kenny, S.N. & Beca, D. & Johnson, I.R., 2008. "Pasture and forage crop systems for non-irrigated dairy farms in southern Australia. 2. Inter-annual variation in forage supply, and business risk," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 97(3), pages 126-138, June.
    15. Semara, Lounis & Mouffok, Charefeddine & Madani, Toufik, 2013. "Livestock Farming Systems and Cattle Production Orientation in Eastern High Plains of Algeria, Cattle Farming System in Algerian Semi Arid Region," International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development (IJAMAD), Iranian Association of Agricultural Economics, vol. 3(4), pages 1-8, December.
    16. Stirling, Sofía & Fariña, Santiago & Pacheco, David & Vibart, Ronaldo, 2021. "Whole-farm modelling of grazing dairy systems in Uruguay," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).

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