IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eco/journ2/2020-01-34.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Does Formal Constraints Reduce CO2 Emissions? Indonesia s Empirical Case

Author

Listed:
  • Darwanto Darwanto

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.)

  • Purbayu Budi Santosa

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.)

  • Herniwati Retno Handayani

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.)

  • Jaka Aminata

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.)

  • Fitrie Arianti

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.)

  • Imam Gozhali

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.)

Abstract

Rules (formal constraints) are expected to be able to shape human behavior to act based on what should and should not do accordingly. The connection of rules in the energy sector to carbon dioxide emissions depends on how far the rules are able to shape behavior as expected. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of rules (formal constraints) on CO2 emissions in Indonesia. Other variables used in this study are energy consumptions (fossil energy and renewable energy), and population growth which are in line with the previous study. The method used to help answer the research question is multiple linear regression analysis with ordinary least square approach. Using time series data in the period of 1990-2017 in Indonesia, this study found that fossil energy consumption and population growth have positive and significant impacts on CO2 emissions in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the consumption of renewable energy and the rules (formal constraints) have negative effects on the emissions of CO2 produced. These results show that rules (Formal Constraints) can indeed shape behavior, in this case the reduction of CO2 emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Darwanto Darwanto & Purbayu Budi Santosa & Herniwati Retno Handayani & Jaka Aminata & Fitrie Arianti & Imam Gozhali, 2020. "Does Formal Constraints Reduce CO2 Emissions? Indonesia s Empirical Case," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(1), pages 236-241.
    • Handle: RePEc:eco:journ2:2020-01-34
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/download/8510/4778
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/view/8510/4778
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pao, Hsiao-Tien & Yu, Hsiao-Cheng & Yang, Yeou-Herng, 2011. "Modeling the CO2 emissions, energy use, and economic growth in Russia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 5094-5100.
    2. Cuma Bozkurt & M. Akif Destek, 2015. "Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development Nexus in Selected OECD Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 5(2), pages 507-514.
    3. Lund, Henrik, 2007. "Renewable energy strategies for sustainable development," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(6), pages 912-919.
    4. Oliver E. Williamson, 2000. "The New Institutional Economics: Taking Stock, Looking Ahead," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 38(3), pages 595-613, September.
    5. Chindo Sulaiman & A. S. Abdul-Rahim, 2018. "Population Growth and CO2 Emission in Nigeria: A Recursive ARDL Approach," SAGE Open, , vol. 8(2), pages 21582440187, April.
    6. Gregory Casey & Oded Galor, 2016. "Population Growth and Carbon Emissions," NBER Working Papers 22885, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Sugiawan, Yogi & Managi, Shunsuke, 2016. "The environmental Kuznets curve in Indonesia: Exploring the potential of renewable energy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 187-198.
    8. Acaravci, Ali & Ozturk, Ilhan, 2010. "On the relationship between energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in Europe," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 5412-5420.
    9. repec:eco:journ2:2017-04-24 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Gunningham, Neil, 2013. "Managing the energy trilemma: The case of Indonesia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 184-193.
    11. Pao, Hsiao-Tien & Tsai, Chung-Ming, 2011. "Modeling and forecasting the CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth in Brazil," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 2450-2458.
    12. Zoundi, Zakaria, 2017. "CO2 emissions, renewable energy and the Environmental Kuznets Curve, a panel cointegration approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 1067-1075.
    13. Hadi Sasana & Achma Hendra Setiawan & Fitri Ariyanti & Imam Ghozali, 2017. "The Effect of Energy Subsidy on the Environmental Quality in Indonesia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 7(5), pages 245-249.
    14. Apergis, Nicholas & Payne, James E., 2009. "CO2 emissions, energy usage, and output in Central America," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(8), pages 3282-3286, August.
    15. James E. Payne, 2010. "Survey of the international evidence on the causal relationship between energy consumption and growth," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 37(1), pages 53-95, January.
    16. Mujiyanto, Sugeng & Tiess, Günter, 2013. "Secure energy supply in 2025: Indonesia's need for an energy policy strategy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 31-41.
    17. Tugcu, Can Tansel & Ozturk, Ilhan & Aslan, Alper, 2012. "Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth relationship revisited: Evidence from G7 countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 1942-1950.
    18. Hadi Sasana & Jaka Aminata, 2019. "Energy Subsidy, Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, and Carbon Dioxide Emission: Indonesian Case Studies," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(2), pages 117-122.
    19. Jaelani, Aan & Firdaus, Slamet & Jumena, Juju, 2017. "Renewable Energy Policy in Indonesia: The Qur'anic Scientific Signals in Islamic Economics Perspective," MPRA Paper 84622, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 18 Sep 2017.
    20. Al-mulali, Usama, 2011. "Oil consumption, CO2 emission and economic growth in MENA countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 6165-6171.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Rahman, Arief & Dargusch, Paul & Wadley, David, 2021. "The political economy of oil supply in Indonesia and the implications for renewable energy development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Muhammad Shahbaz & Avik Sinha, 2019. "Environmental Kuznets curve for CO2emissions: a literature survey," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 46(1), pages 106-168, January.
    2. Saboori, Behnaz & Sulaiman, Jamalludin, 2013. "CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries: A cointegration approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 813-822.
    3. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Sinha, Avik, 2019. "Environmental Kuznets Curve for CO2 emission: A survey of empirical literature," MPRA Paper 100257, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2019.
    4. Sofien, Tiba & Omri, Anis, 2016. "Literature survey on the relationships between energy variables, environment and economic growth," MPRA Paper 82555, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 14 Sep 2016.
    5. Zhihui Lv & Amanda M. Y. Chu & Michael McAleer & Wing-Keung Wong, 2019. "Modelling Economic Growth, Carbon Emissions, and Fossil Fuel Consumption in China: Cointegration and Multivariate Causality," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-35, October.
    6. Moutinho, Victor & Robaina, Margarita, 2016. "Is the share of renewable energy sources determining the CO2 kWh and income relation in electricity generation?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 902-914.
    7. Saboori, Behnaz & Sulaiman, Jamalludin, 2013. "Environmental degradation, economic growth and energy consumption: Evidence of the environmental Kuznets curve in Malaysia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 892-905.
    8. Chen, Ping-Yu & Chen, Sheng-Tung & Hsu, Chia-Sheng & Chen, Chi-Chung, 2016. "Modeling the global relationships among economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 420-431.
    9. Barrera-Santana, J. & Marrero, Gustavo A. & Ramos-Real, Francisco J., 2022. "Income, energy and the role of energy efficiency governance," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    10. Al-Mulali, Usama & Ozturk, Ilhan, 2016. "The investigation of environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in the advanced economies: The role of energy prices," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1622-1631.
    11. Tiba, Sofien & Omri, Anis, 2017. "Literature survey on the relationships between energy, environment and economic growth," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1129-1146.
    12. Bölük, Gülden & Mert, Mehmet, 2014. "Fossil & renewable energy consumption, GHGs (greenhouse gases) and economic growth: Evidence from a panel of EU (European Union) countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 439-446.
    13. Pao, Hsiao-Tien & Chen, Haipeng (Allan) & Li, Yi-Ying, 2015. "Competitive dynamics of energy, environment, and economy in the U.S," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 449-460.
    14. Al-Mulali, Usama & Ozturk, Ilhan, 2015. "The effect of energy consumption, urbanization, trade openness, industrial output, and the political stability on the environmental degradation in the MENA (Middle East and North African) region," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 382-389.
    15. Erdogan, Sinan & Fatai Adedoyin, Festus & Victor Bekun, Festus & Asumadu Sarkodie, Samuel, 2020. "Testing the transport-induced environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: The role of air and railway transport," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    16. Pao, Hsiao-Tien & Fu, Hsin-Chia, 2013. "Renewable energy, non-renewable energy and economic growth in Brazil," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 381-392.
    17. Al-Mulali, Usama & Saboori, Behnaz & Ozturk, Ilhan, 2015. "Investigating the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Vietnam," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 123-131.
    18. Jaelani, Aan & Firdaus, Slamet & Jumena, Juju, 2017. "Renewable Energy Policy in Indonesia: The Qur'anic Scientific Signals in Islamic Economics Perspective," MPRA Paper 84622, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 18 Sep 2017.
    19. Al-mulali, Usama & Tang, Chor Foon & Ozturk, Ilhan, 2015. "Estimating the Environment Kuznets Curve hypothesis: Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 918-924.
    20. Al-mulali, Usama, 2012. "Factors affecting CO2 emission in the Middle East: A panel data analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 564-569.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    formal constraints; CO2 emissions; energy consumption; energy policy; Indonesia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products
    • C1 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General
    • Q28 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Government Policy

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eco:journ2:2020-01-34. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Ilhan Ozturk (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.econjournals.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.