Evolution of innovation management approaches in the R&D of pharmaceutical industry

The article examines the evolution of management models in the innovative research and development (R&D) sector of the pharmaceutical industry. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to find effective approaches to overcoming the systemic contradiction in the management of pharmaceutical innovative R&D, where exponential growth of investments is accompanied by a decrease in the return on innovation, while simultaneously solving the tasks set by the Government of the Russian Federation within the framework of the Pharmaceutical Industry Development Strategy of the Russian Federation «Pharma–2030» to achieve technological sovereignty and ensure national security in the field of drug provision. This requires an accelerated transition from an import–dependent model to the creation of a full cycle of development and production of original medicines 2. The paper provides an analysis of the evolution of approaches to managing high–risk innovative pharmaceutical R&D projects. Four main stages in the evolution of management approaches are identified, their key parameters are determined, such as the concept of the management model and their costs, and a consistent transition from rigid linear to flexible digital models of innovation management is revealed. The determinants of the transition from classical linear models to modern models are identified. A key factor in the shift in management paradigms in pharmaceutical R&D is formulated as an increase in transaction costs caused by the need for data integration and adaptation in the context of increasingly complex innovation processes. The practical significance of the study lies in the proposal of criteria for the strategic choice of a management model for pharmaceutical innovative R&D, where the choice should be based on a multi–factor assessment of R&D stages, technological maturity and types of risks, which will allow organizations to minimize transaction costs through the adaptation of management practices.