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A Note On The Extent Of U.S. Regional Income Convergence

Author

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  • Holmes, Mark J.
  • Otero, Jesús
  • Panagiotidis, Theodore

Abstract

Long-run income convergence is investigated in the U.S. context. We employ a novel pairwise econometric procedure based on a probabilistic definition of convergence. The time-series properties of all the possible regional income pairs are examined by means of unit root and non-cointegration tests, where inference is based on the fraction of rejections. We distinguish between the cases of strong convergence, where the implied cointegrating vector is [1, −1], and weak convergence, where long-run homogeneity is relaxed. To address cross-sectional dependence, we employ a bootstrap methodology to derive the empirical distribution of the fraction of rejections. We find supporting evidence of U.S. states sharing a common stochastic trend consistent with a definition of convergence based on long-run forecasts of state incomes being proportional rather than equal. We find that the strength of convergence between states decreases with distance and initial income disparity. Using Metropolitan Statistical Area data, evidence for convergence is stronger.

Suggested Citation

  • Holmes, Mark J. & Otero, Jesús & Panagiotidis, Theodore, 2014. "A Note On The Extent Of U.S. Regional Income Convergence," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 18(7), pages 1635-1655, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:macdyn:v:18:y:2014:i:07:p:1635-1655_00
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    Cited by:

    1. Theodoros Arvanitopoulos & Vassilis Monastiriotis & Theodore Panagiotidis, 2021. "Drivers of convergence: The role of first- and second-nature geography," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 58(14), pages 2880-2900, November.
    2. Ioannis Katrakylidis & Michael Madas, 2020. "Catching-up effects in the logistics industry and the dynamic linkages with international trade and economic growth: empirical evidence from an international panel dataset," Economics and Business Letters, Oviedo University Press, vol. 9(3), pages 197-205.
    3. Pinar, Mehmet & Karahasan, Burhan Can, 2024. "Asymmetric effects of EU cohesion policy on EU regional growth: The role of macroeconomic uncertainty," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 30(C).
    4. Luis F. López-Calva & Eduardo Ortiz-Juarez & Carlos Rodríguez-Castelán, 2022. "Within-country poverty convergence: evidence from Mexico," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 62(5), pages 2547-2586, May.
    5. Margherita Gerolimetto & Stefano Magrini, 2017. "A Novel Look at Long-run Convergence Dynamics in the United States," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 40(3), pages 241-269, May.
    6. Vatsa, Puneet & Pino, Gabriel, 2023. "Spatial spillovers and labor productivity convergence in Canada," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    7. Moritz Degler & Karsten Staehr, 2021. "Price and income convergence and the dynamic Penn effect in Central and Eastern Europe," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 54(3), pages 621-635, August.
    8. Rati Ram, 2021. "Income convergence across the U.S. states: further evidence from new recent data," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 45(2), pages 372-380, April.
    9. Desli, Evangelia & Gkoulgkoutsika, Alexandra, 2021. "Economic convergence among the world’s top-income economies," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 841-853.
    10. Rosenthal, Stuart S. & Ross, Stephen L., 2015. "Change and Persistence in the Economic Status of Neighborhoods and Cities," Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, in: Gilles Duranton & J. V. Henderson & William C. Strange (ed.), Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, edition 1, volume 5, chapter 0, pages 1047-1120, Elsevier.
    11. Eftychia Tsanana & Constantinos Katrakilidis, 2014. "Do Balkan economies catch up with EU? New evidence from panel unit root analysis," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 41(4), pages 641-662, November.
    12. Rudi Purwono & Mohammad Zeqi Yasin & M. Khoerul Mubin, 2020. "Explaining regional inflation programmes in Indonesia: Does inflation rate converge?," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 53(4), pages 571-590, November.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C2 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables
    • C3 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables
    • R1 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics
    • R2 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis
    • R3 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location

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