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El efecto del gasto social en la distribución del ingreso: un análisis para economías latinoamericanas

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  • Mónica Patricia Ospina

Abstract

Usando un panel de datos desde 1980 al ano 2000, este artículo analiza los determinantes de desigualdad en los ingresos para los países latinoamericanos, con especial atención a variables del gasto en educación, salud y seguridad social. Con respecto a investigaciones anteriores, este estudio resuelve problemas de endogeneidad de las variables del gasto social en la ecuación de desigualdad de ingresos, usando métodos 2SLS y GMM. Si bien el gasto público afecta a la desigualdad, el aumento de la desigualdad puede estar relacionado con cambios sociales, económicos y políticos que también pueden afectar el gasto del gobierno. Por lo tanto, el gasto social es potencialmente endógeno en la regresión de la desigualdad y, a menos que esta fuente de endogeneidad se corrija, los parámetros estimados no serán consistentes. Una vez se controla esta endogeneidad, los resultados muestran que el gasto en educación y salud tienen un efecto negativo sobre la desigualdad de ingresos, mientras que el gasto en seguridad social no tiene efecto sobre la desigualdad. También se encuentra que los modelos que no tienen en cuenta la endogeneidad del gasto social, tienden a sobreestimar los efectos del gasto en educación y salud.

Suggested Citation

  • Mónica Patricia Ospina, 2014. "El efecto del gasto social en la distribución del ingreso: un análisis para economías latinoamericanas," Revista Ciencias Estratégicas, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000431:013294
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    JEL classification:

    • H53 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

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