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Scheitern der Reform des Emissionshandels: Verliert Europa die Vorreiterrolle in der Klimapolitik?

Author

Listed:
  • Hans-Jürgen Nantke
  • Alfred Endres
  • Frederik Schaff
  • Till Requate
  • Susanne Dröge

Abstract

Im April lehnte das Europäische Parlament den Vorschlag der EU-Kommission ab, vorübergehend CO2-Emissionszertifikate vom Markt zu nehmen, um so den Preisverfall für Emissionsrechte zu stoppen und Anreize für die Industrie, in klimafreundliche Technologien zu investieren, zu setzen. Steht die Reform des europäischen Emissionshandels endgültig vor dem Scheitern? Nach Ansicht von Hans- Jürgen Nantke, Umweltbundesamt, ist der Emissionshandel ein sehr effizientes Klimaschutzinstrument. Wie effizient, hänge allerdings vom politischen Willen für ambitionierte Ziele zur Kohlendioxidminderung ab, und daran hapere es derzeit in der EU. In den bisherigen beiden Handelsperioden seien die emissionshandelspflichtigen Unternehmen zu großzügig mit weitestgehend kostenlosen Emissionsberechtigungen ausgestattet worden, so dass von diesem Preissignal kein spürbarer Anreiz für Investitionen in zusätzliche Klimaschutzmaßnahmen ausgehen konnte. Alfred Endres und Frederik Schaff, FernUniversität Hagen, sehen es aus umweltökonomischer Sicht als sinnvoll an, den durch Vergabe von Emissionszertifikaten gesteckten Rahmen der Klima belastenden Emissionen zu verengen. Durch das Backloading wäre aber nur eine Verschiebung des Problems zu erwarten. Die Chancen wären besser, wenn man sich entschlossen hätte, die Emis - sionsrechte unwiderruflich aus dem Markt zu nehmen. Aber dafür fehle den verantwortlichen Politiker(inne)n die Willenskraft. Auch für Till Requate, Universität Kiel, bedeutet das Backloading nur einen kurzatmigen ordnungspolitischen Eingriff, der das Problem des reformbedürftigen unkoordinierten Nebeneinanders europäischer, nationaler und regionaler Energiepolitik nicht löst. Dem Klimaziel helfen würde nur eine langfristige Verringerung der Menge an Emissionszertifikaten. Es wäre vernünftig, das EU ETS mit anderen Emissionshandelssystemen zu verknüpfen. Susanne Dröge, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Berlin, sieht die EU in der Reform-Falle und befürchtet, dass der europäische Emissionshandel seine internationale Vorbildfunktion verliert.

Suggested Citation

  • Hans-Jürgen Nantke & Alfred Endres & Frederik Schaff & Till Requate & Susanne Dröge, 2013. "Scheitern der Reform des Emissionshandels: Verliert Europa die Vorreiterrolle in der Klimapolitik?," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 66(12), pages 03-15, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifosdt:v:66:y:2013:i:12:p:03-15
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    JEL classification:

    • Q48 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Government Policy
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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