IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ces/ifofor/v21y2020i04p41-46.html

How to Become an EU Citizen: The Acquisition of Citizenship via Naturalization

Author

Listed:
  • Clara Albrecht
  • Yvonne Giesing
  • Daria Schaller

Abstract

Migration to and within the European Union has led to a steadily rising number of foreign-born citizens living in EU member states. The naturalization of migrants therefore plays a prominent role in national integration policies. In this article we give an overview of key naturalization figures and facts in EU15 countries and Poland. We compare naturalization numbers and rates and describe the legal regulations for the acquisition of citizenship. We then discuss the controversial case of investor citizenship and conclude by providing evi-dence for the benefits of a facilitated access to citizenship.

Suggested Citation

  • Clara Albrecht & Yvonne Giesing & Daria Schaller, 2020. "How to Become an EU Citizen: The Acquisition of Citizenship via Naturalization," CESifo Forum, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 21(04), pages 41-46, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifofor:v:21:y:2020:i:04:p:41-46
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/CESifo-forum-2020-4-giesing-schaller-albrecht-How-to-Become-an-EU-Citizen-The-Acquisition-of-Citizenship-via-Naturalization-november.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hainmueller, Jens & Hangartner, Dominik & Pietrantuono, Giuseppe, 2017. "Catalyst or Crown: Does Naturalization Promote the Long-Term Social Integration of Immigrants?," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 111(2), pages 256-276, May.
    2. Christina Gathmann & Ole Monscheuer, 2020. "Naturalization and citizenship: Who benefits?," IZA World of Labor, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pages 125-125, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Christina Gathmann & Ole Monscheuer & Christina Felfe & Helmut Rainer & Swantje Falcke & Paolo Pinotti & Graziella Bertocchi & Chiara Strozzi, 2020. "Einbürgerung (junger) Migranten: Katalysator oder Belohnung für gelungene Integration?," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 73(11), pages 03-24, November.
    2. Liu, Wen & Xu, Zhicheng, 2025. "Lost in translation: Dialect distance, social assimilation and immigrant crimes in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    3. Hinte Holger & Rinne Ulf & Zimmermann Klaus F., 2016. "Punkte machen?!: Warum Deutschland ein aktives Auswahlsystem für ausländische Fachkräfte braucht und wie ein solches System aussehen kann," Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, De Gruyter, vol. 17(1), pages 68-87, April.
    4. Hinte, Holger & Rinne, Ulf & Zimmermann, Klaus F., 2015. "Punkte machen?! Warum Deutschland ein aktives Auswahlsystem für ausländische Fachkräfte braucht," IZA Standpunkte 79, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    5. Matti Sarvimäki, 2021. "Managing Refugee Protection Crises: Policy Lessons from Economics and Political Science," RFBerlin Discussion Paper Series 2131, ROCKWOOL Foundation Berlin (RFBerlin).
    6. Hainmueller, Jens & Cascardi, Elisa & Hotard, Michael & Koslowski, Rey & Lawrence, Duncan & Yasenov, Vasil & Laitin, David D., 2023. "Does Access to Citizenship Confer Socio-Economic Returns? Evidence from a Randomized Control Design," IZA Discussion Papers 16173, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    7. Marbach, Moritz & Hainmueller, Jens & Hangartner, Dominik, 2017. "The Long-Term Impact of Employment Bans on the Economic Integration of Refugees," Research Papers repec:ecl:stabus:3618, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business.
    8. repec:osf:socarx:7t2wd_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Tommaso Frattini, 2017. "Integration of immigrants in host countries - what we know and what works," Development Working Papers 427, Centro Studi Luca d'Agliano, University of Milano.
    10. repec:wbk:wbrwps:10250 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Jing Zou & Xiaojun Deng, 2022. "Spatial Differentiation and Driving Forces of Migrants’ Socio-Economic Integration in Urban China: Evidence from CMDS," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 159(3), pages 1035-1056, February.
    12. Juan Galeano & Aurélie Pont & Philippe Wanner, 2022. "A Longitudinal Analysis of Naturalization and International Migration in Switzerland, 2011–2017," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 889-910, June.
    13. Eleftherios Giovanis & Sacit Hadi Akdede, 2021. "Integration Policies in Spain and Sweden: Do They Matter for Migrants’ Economic Integration and Socio-Cultural Participation?," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(4), pages 21582440211, October.
    14. repec:osf:socarx:8u3yv_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
    15. repec:osf:osfxxx:crh3z_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. Fasani, Francesco & Frattini, Tommaso & Pirot, Maxime, 2023. "From Refugees to Citizens: Labor Market Returns to Naturalization," CEPR Discussion Papers 18675, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    17. Feng Hou & Garnett Picot, 2024. "The decline in the citizenship rate among recent immigrants to Canada: Update to 2021," Economic and Social Reports 202400200002e, Statistics Canada, Analytical Studies and Modelling Branch.
    18. Zou, Jing & Deng, Xiaojun, 2022. "To inhibit or to promote: How does the digital economy affect urban migrant integration in China?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    19. Erin Trouth Hofmann & Claudia Méndez Wright & Emma Meade Earl, 2021. "Gender, Family, and Community Attachment in a New Destination," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 227-245, March.
    20. Felfe, Christina & Kocher, Martin G. & Rainer, Helmut & Saurer, Judith & Siedler, Thomas, 2021. "More opportunity, more cooperation? The behavioral effects of birthright citizenship on immigrant youth," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    21. Swantje Falcke, 2020. "Naturalization as a Catalyst for Integration: A Heterogeneous Picture," CESifo Forum, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 21(04), pages 23-24, November.
    22. Buechel, Berno & Gangl, Selina & Huber, Martin, 2023. "How residence permits affect the labor market attachment of foreign workers: Evidence from a migration lottery in Liechtenstein," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    23. Juliana Mohd Abdul Kadir & Navaz Naghavi & Geetha Subramaniam & Nur A’amilyn Abdul Halim, 2020. "Unemployment among Graduates - Is there a Mismatch?," International Journal of Asian Social Science, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 10(10), pages 583-592, October.
    24. Böhmelt, Tobias & Bove, Vincenzo, 2017. "How Migration Policies Moderate the Diffusion of Terrorism," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 349, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ces:ifofor:v:21:y:2020:i:04:p:41-46. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Klaus Wohlrabe (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ifooode.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.