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Credit demand, credit supply, and economic activity

Author

Listed:
  • Balke Nathan S.

    (Department of Economics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA; and Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas)

  • Zeng Zheng

    (Department of Economics, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA)

Abstract

In this paper, we attempt to identify the separate contributions of credit demand, supply of financial intermediation, and supply of funds to fluctuations in indicators of credit conditions and to fluctuations in economic activity. We estimate a common factor model in which the six factors correspond to supply of funds, financial intermediation, credit demand, aggregate uncertainty, real economic activity, and inflation. We use a simple model of financial intermediation to motivate restrictions on the factor loadings designed to identify supply of funds, uncertainty, credit demand, and financial intermediation factors. We find that the supply of funds and financial intermediation factors explain most of the variation in interest rates spreads, while the financial intermediation and credit demand factors typically contribute to most of the fluctuations in credit quantity variables. For credit indicators, the 2008–2009 financial crisis appears to be largely due to a decline in the financial intermediation. However, this decline in financial intermediation seems to have originated from output and uncertainty shocks, rather than shocks to financial intermediation itself.

Suggested Citation

  • Balke Nathan S. & Zeng Zheng, 2013. "Credit demand, credit supply, and economic activity," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 13(1), pages 643-680, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:bpj:bejmac:v:13:y:2013:i:1:p:38:n:19
    DOI: 10.1515/bejm-2012-0116
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nathan S. Balke, 2000. "Credit and Economic Activity: Credit Regimes and Nonlinear Propagation of Shocks," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 82(2), pages 344-349, May.
    2. William C Dunkelberg & Jonathan A Scott, 2009. "The Response of Small Business Owners to Changes in Monetary Policy," Business Economics, Palgrave Macmillan;National Association for Business Economics, vol. 44(1), pages 23-37, January.
    3. Robert E. Hall, 2010. "Why Does the Economy Fall to Pieces after a Financial Crisis?," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 24(4), pages 3-20, Fall.
    4. Lown, Cara & Morgan, Donald P., 2006. "The Credit Cycle and the Business Cycle: New Findings Using the Loan Officer Opinion Survey," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 38(6), pages 1575-1597, September.
    5. Bernanke, Ben & Gertler, Mark & Gilchrist, Simon, 1996. "The Financial Accelerator and the Flight to Quality," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 78(1), pages 1-15, February.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ekaterina Pirozhkova, 2017. "Banks' balance sheet, uncertainty and macroeconomy," EcoMod2017 10430, EcoMod.
    2. Stefan Avdjiev & Zheng Zeng, 2014. "Credit growth, monetary policy and economic activity in a three-regime TVAR model," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(24), pages 2936-2951, August.
    3. Zuzanna Wosko, 2016. "Determinants of credit in the Polish banking sector before and after the GFC according to information from the NBP Senior Loan Officer Survey. Does supply or demand matter?," IFC Bulletins chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Combining micro and macro data for financial stability analysis, volume 41, Bank for International Settlements.
    4. Ekaterina Pirozhkova, 2017. "Bank loan components, uncertainty and monetary transmission mechanism," BCAM Working Papers 1702, Birkbeck Centre for Applied Macroeconomics.
    5. Park, Hyun Woong, 2025. "Leverage–led growth in the circuit of capital model with a banking sector," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    6. Carter, Justin & Moore, Winston & Jackman, Mahalia, 2012. "Is the Magnitude of Household Debt in Barbados a Concern?," MPRA Paper 47791, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Balke, Nathan S. & Zeng, Zheng & Zhang, Ren, 2021. "Identifying credit demand, financial intermediation, and supply of funds shocks: A structural VAR approach," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    8. Miroslav Plasil & Stepan Radkovsky & Pavel Rezabek, 2013. "Modelling bank loans to non-financial corporations," Occasional Publications - Chapters in Edited Volumes, in: CNB Financial Stability Report 2012/2013, chapter 0, pages 128-136, Czech National Bank, Research and Statistics Department.
    9. Motie, Golnaz Baradaran & Zeng, Zheng, 2023. "Foreign portfolio investment and the US macroeconomic conditions," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models

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