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Urban–rural population changes and spatial inequalities in Sweden

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  • Martin Henning
  • Hans Westlund
  • Kerstin Enflo

Abstract

This paper documents regional population changes in Sweden since 1860 and investigates how these changes link to regional economic development (regional GDP). We combine long‐term decade population data for the historical counties (1860–2020) with detailed annual population observations for municipalities (1968–2021). As industrialization picked up speed, this benefited regions all around the country in terms of production, at the same time as regional population patterns started to diverge. After a slowdown in the regional GDP convergence processes during the low‐growth period of the 1980s, ‘double divergence,’ in both population and regional GDP per capita, has characterized Swedish growth patterns since the 1990s. Este artículo documenta los cambios regionales de población en Suecia desde 1860 e investiga cómo se relacionan estos cambios con el desarrollo económico regional (PIB regional). Se combinan datos de población de muchas décadas para los condados históricos (1860–2020) con observaciones detalladas de población anual para los municipios (1968–2021). A medida que se aceleraba la industrialización, esta beneficiaba a las regiones de todo el país en términos de producción, al mismo tiempo que los patrones regionales de población empezaban a divergir. Tras una ralentización de los procesos de convergencia del PIB regional durante el periodo de bajo crecimiento de los años ochenta, la ‘doble divergencia’, tanto en población como en PIB regional per cápita, ha caracterizado los patrones de crecimiento suecos desde la década de 1990. 本稿では1860年以降のスウェーデンにおける地域人口の変化を記録し、この変化が地域の経済発展(地域のGDP)とどのように関連しているかを検討する。我々は、歴史的な郡の長期的な10年単位の人口データ(1860~2020年)と市町村の毎年の詳細な人口観測(1968~2021年)を組み合わせた。工業化は生産という点で全国の地域に利益をもたらしたが、それと同時に工業化が急速に進むにつれ、地域の人口パターンの多様化が始まった。1980年代の低成長期に地域のGDPの収斂の過程が減速した後、人口と地域の一人当たりGDPの両方における「二重の多様化」が、1990年代以降のスウェーデンの成長パターンの特徴となっている。

Suggested Citation

  • Martin Henning & Hans Westlund & Kerstin Enflo, 2023. "Urban–rural population changes and spatial inequalities in Sweden," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(4), pages 878-892, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:878-892
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12602
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