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Taxation as a tool of implementation of the EU Green Deal in Ukraine

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  • Ihor Nazarkevych
  • Olga Sych

Abstract

The European Green Deal, a new economic growth strategy, involves changing the model of development of the European continent in the direction of better harmony with the environment. Tax policy can be a valuable tool for state regulation of the green transition. The article aims to answer the question, is the current state of environmental taxation in Ukraine in line with EU best practices? Could we suggest ways to improve domestic tax tools through harmonization with the EU Green Deal? To assess the level of harmonization of environmental taxation in Ukraine and the EU, the sigma convergence method was used for calculation of variance and the assessment of convergence (divergence) of indicators of tax revenues from environmental taxation. The primary areas regulated by environmental taxation are outlined. This step revealed that in Ukraine, the transport tax and energy taxation do not contain an environmental component, and land fees do not use their environmental potential in both Ukraine and the EU. An analysis of the dynamics of environmental payments in the EU and Ukraine was made in terms of convergence (divergence) of indicators. On the basis of the European experience of ecological taxation, new elements to the strategy of reforming ecological taxation in Ukraine were proposed. The reforming of environmental taxation could increase the effectiveness of the incentive function of taxes, simplify and improve the quality of tax administration, promote the formation of a transparent system of state control, and strengthen accountability for corruption and negligence in the public sector. El Pacto Verde Europeo, una nueva estrategia de crecimiento económico, supone cambiar el modelo de desarrollo del continente europeo hacia una mayor armonía con el medio ambiente. La política fiscal puede ser una herramienta valiosa para la regulación estatal de la transición ecológica. El artículo trata de responder a la pregunta sobre si la situación actual de la fiscalidad medioambiental en Ucrania se ajusta a las mejores prácticas de la UE. ¿Es posible sugerir formas de mejorar las herramientas fiscales nacionales mediante la armonización con el Pacto Verde de la UE? Para evaluar el nivel de armonización de la fiscalidad medioambiental en Ucrania y la UE, se utilizó el método de convergencia sigma para el cálculo de la varianza y la evaluación de la convergencia (divergencia) de los indicadores de ingresos fiscales procedentes de la fiscalidad medioambiental. Se describen los principales ámbitos regulados por la fiscalidad medioambiental. Este paso reveló que, en Ucrania, el impuesto sobre el transporte y la fiscalidad de la energía no contienen un componente medioambiental, y las tasas territoriales no aprovechan su potencial medioambiental ni en Ucrania ni en la UE. La dinámica de los pagos medioambientales en la UE y Ucrania se analizó en términos de convergencia (divergencia) de los indicadores. A partir de la experiencia europea de fiscalidad ecológica, se propusieron nuevos elementos para la estrategia de reforma de la fiscalidad ecológica en Ucrania. La reforma de la fiscalidad medioambiental podría aumentar la eficacia de la función incentivadora de los impuestos, simplificar y mejorar la calidad de la administración fiscal, promover la formación de un sistema transparente de control estatal y reforzar la rendición de cuentas en cuanto a la corrupción y negligencia en el sector público. 新たな経済成長戦略である欧州グリーン・ディールは、欧州大陸の発展のモデルを、より環境と調和することへ転換させるものである。税制は、グリーン移行の国家規制のための有用なツールとなり得る。本稿の目的は、ウクライナの環境税の現状が、EUの優秀なレベルと同等か否か明らかにすることである。欧州グリーン・ディールと調和することにより、国内の税ツールを改善する方法を提案することができるのであろうか。ウクライナとEUにおける環境税の調和の水準を評価するために、シグマ収束法を用いて、環境税からの税収指標の分散を計算し、収束(発散)を評価した。環境税に規制された主な分野について概説することにより、ウクライナでは、輸送税とエネルギー税には環境的な要素が含まれておらず、用地費はウクライナとEUの両方でその環境ポテンシャルを利用していないことを明らかになった。指標の収束(発散)の観点から、EUとウクライナにおける環境支出の動態の分析を行った。欧州におけるエコロジカル税制の経験から、ウクライナにおけるエコロジカル税制を刷新する戦略における新しい要素が示された。環境税の刷新は、税のインセンティブ機能の有効性を高め、税務行政を簡素化し、その質を向上させ、透明性のある国家管理システムの形成を促進し、公共部門における腐敗と怠慢に対する説明責任を強化することができる。

Suggested Citation

  • Ihor Nazarkevych & Olga Sych, 2023. "Taxation as a tool of implementation of the EU Green Deal in Ukraine," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(1), pages 144-160, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:15:y:2023:i:1:p:144-160
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12596
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    References listed on IDEAS

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