IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/labour/v18y2004i3p443-463.html

Discriminatory Barriers and the Gender Wage Gap in France

Author

Listed:
  • Stéphane Moulin

Abstract

. In this paper, we propose a method of decomposition that identifies the wage effect of the gender discriminatory barriers in the allocation of grades and full‐time jobs. Standard decomposition techniques tend to interpret the explained portion as a non‐discriminatory component, though discriminatory barriers in the labour market also affect the characteristics of individuals. Using survey data generated by INSEE in France in 2000, we find some evidence that the gender discriminatory barriers within the French labour market explain much of the difference between men and women's attainment and full‐time employment. Our method substantially changes the traditional empirical conclusions since the discriminatory barriers in the allocation of grades and full‐time jobs account for one quarter of the gender monthly wage gap. When adding to the pure wage discrimination portion, we thus show that half of the gender monthly wage gap is not explained.

Suggested Citation

  • Stéphane Moulin, 2004. "Discriminatory Barriers and the Gender Wage Gap in France," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 18(3), pages 443-463, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:labour:v:18:y:2004:i:3:p:443-463
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1121-7081.2004.00274.x
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1121-7081.2004.00274.x
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/j.1121-7081.2004.00274.x?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. James J. Heckman, 1976. "The Common Structure of Statistical Models of Truncation, Sample Selection and Limited Dependent Variables and a Simple Estimator for Such Models," NBER Chapters, in: Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Volume 5, number 4, pages 475-492, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Shoshana Neuman & Ronald Oaxaca, 2004. "Wage Decompositions with Selectivity-Corrected Wage Equations: A Methodological Note," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 2(1), pages 3-10, April.
    3. Becker, Gary S., 1971. "The Economics of Discrimination," University of Chicago Press Economics Books, University of Chicago Press, edition 2, number 9780226041162, October.
    4. James Heckman, 2013. "Sample selection bias as a specification error," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 31(3), pages 129-137.
    5. Jones, David R & Makepeace, Gerald H, 1996. "Equal Worth, Equal Opportunities: Pay and Promotion in an Internal Labour Market," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 106(435), pages 401-409, March.
    6. Garry F. Barrett & Denise J. Doiron, 2001. "Working part time: by choice or by constraint," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(4), pages 1042-1065, November.
    7. Oaxaca, Ronald L. & Ransom, Michael R., 1994. "On discrimination and the decomposition of wage differentials," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 61(1), pages 5-21, March.
    8. Dominique Meurs & Sophie Ponthieux, 2000. "Une mesure de la discrimination dans l'écart de salaire entre hommes et femmes," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 337(1), pages 135-158.
    9. David Neumark, 1988. "Employers' Discriminatory Behavior and the Estimation of Wage Discrimination," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 23(3), pages 279-295.
    10. Jacqueline Laufer, 2003. "Equal Employment Policy in France: Symbolic Support and a Mixed Record," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 20(3), pages 423-442, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Shoshana Neuman & Ronald L. Oaxaca, 2005. "Wage differentials in the 1990s in Israel: endowments, discrimination, and selectivity," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 26(3), pages 217-236, April.
    2. Ian Watson, 2010. "Decomposing the Gender Pay Gap in the Australian Managerial Labour Market," Australian Journal of Labour Economics (AJLE), Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre (BCEC), Curtin Business School, vol. 13(1), pages 49-79.
    3. Miyoshi, Koyo, 2008. "Male-female wage differentials in Japan," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 20(4), pages 479-496, December.
    4. Ben Jann, 2008. "A Stata implementation of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition," ETH Zurich Sociology Working Papers 5, ETH Zurich, Chair of Sociology, revised 14 May 2008.
    5. Oscar Molina Tejerina & Luis Castro Peñarrieta, "undated". "Unexplained Wage Gaps in the Tradable and Nontradable Sectors: Cross-Sectional Evidence by Gender in Bolivia," Investigación & Desarrollo 0120, Universidad Privada Boliviana.
    6. Thierry Laurent & Ferhat Mihoubi, 2012. "Sexual Orientation and Wage Discrimination in France: The Hidden Side of the Rainbow," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 33(4), pages 487-527, December.
    7. Pedro Jesús Hernandez Martinez, 1995. "Análisis empírico de la discriminación salarial de la mujer en España," Investigaciones Economicas, Fundación SEPI, vol. 19(2), pages 195-215, May.
    8. Seneviratne, Prathi, 2020. "Gender wage inequality during Sri Lanka’s post-reform growth: A distributional analysis," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    9. Ssebagala, Richard, 2007. "Wage Determination and Gender Discrimination in Uganda," Research Series 150483, Economic Policy Research Centre (EPRC).
    10. Schafgans, Marcia M. A., 2000. "Gender wage differences in Malaysia: parametric and semiparametric estimation," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(2), pages 351-378, December.
    11. Ricardo Mora, 2008. "A nonparametric decomposition of the Mexican American average wage gap," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(4), pages 463-485.
    12. Jean-Louis Arcand & Béatrice D'hombres, 2004. "Racial discrimination in the Brazilian labour market: wage, employment and segregation effects," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(8), pages 1053-1066.
    13. Shoshana Neuman & Ronald Oaxaca, 2004. "Wage Decompositions with Selectivity-Corrected Wage Equations: A Methodological Note," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 2(1), pages 3-10, April.
    14. Bonaccolto-Töpfer, Marina & Briel, Stephanie, 2022. "The gender pay gap revisited: Does machine learning offer new insights?," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    15. Muhammad Asali, 2010. "Jewish-Arab Wage Gap: What Are The Causes?," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(4), pages 367-380.
    16. Ebenezer Lemven Wirba & Fiennasah Annif’ Akem & Francis Menjo Baye, 2021. "Earnings gap between men and women in the informal labor market in Cameroon," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(3), pages 1466-1491, August.
    17. Wun-Ji Jiang & Yir-Hueih Luh, 2017. "Gender digital divide in a patriarchal society: what can we learn from Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition?," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 51(6), pages 2555-2576, November.
    18. Adrián Rubli, 2012. "La importancia de corregir por el sesgo de selección en el análisis de las brechas salariales por género: un estudio para Argentina, Brasil y México," Ensayos Revista de Economia, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Economia, vol. 0(2), pages 1-36, November.
    19. Weni Lidya, Sukma & Kadir, Kadir, 2019. "Decomposition of the Gender Wage Gap in Indonesia: Analysis from Sakernas Data," MPRA Paper 94930, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Dominique Meurs & Sophie Ponthieux, 2006. "L'écart des salaires entre les femmes et les hommes peut-il encore baisser ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 398(1), pages 99-129.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:labour:v:18:y:2004:i:3:p:443-463. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/csrotit.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.