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Modelling Transparency in Disclosure: The Case of Foreign Exchange Risk Management

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  • Andrew Marshall
  • Pauline Weetman

Abstract

When managers choose not to disclose all the relevant information in their possession in their financial statements, there is an information gap between the managers and users and consequently a lack of transparency. We model the degree of transparency observed when disclosures of foreign exchange (FX) risk management in financial statements are compared to managerial information on FX risk management policy, as evidenced in questionnaire responses. In this comparative study of US and UK firms we find incomplete disclosure in both samples but with differing aspects. In the US case, the information gap is lower where the information has higher relevance or firms with higher financial risk (greater leverage) are signalling the extent of risk, but the gap is greater where firms are in competitive product markets. For the UK sample, the information gap is significantly lower where firms have higher financial risk or higher liquidity but the gap is greater where the shares are more closely held. We conclude that modelling and explaining this aspect of incomplete accounting disclosure in an international setting must be sufficiently flexible to accommodate national differences in managerial behaviour.

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  • Andrew Marshall & Pauline Weetman, 2007. "Modelling Transparency in Disclosure: The Case of Foreign Exchange Risk Management," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(5‐6), pages 705-739, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jbfnac:v:34:y:2007:i:5-6:p:705-739
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-5957.2007.02007.x
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    7. Iatridis, George, 2012. "Hedging and earnings management in the light of IFRS implementation: Evidence from the UK stock market," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 21-35.
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    9. Ibrahim, Awad Elsayed Awad & Hussainey, Khaled & Nawaz, Tasawar & Ntim, Collins & Elamer, Ahmed, 2022. "A systematic literature review on risk disclosure research: State-of-the-art and future research agenda," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
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    12. Abraham, Santhosh & Shrives, Philip J., 2014. "Improving the relevance of risk factor disclosure in corporate annual reports," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 91-107.
    13. Francesco De Luca & Ho-Tan-Phat Phan, 2019. "Informativeness Assessment of Risk and Risk-Management Disclosure in Corporate Reporting: An Empirical Analysis of Italian Large Listed Firms," FINANCIAL REPORTING, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2019(2), pages 9-41.
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    15. Lorenzo Neri & Antonella Russo, 2013. "Risk Disclosures in the Annual Reports of Italian Listed Companies," FINANCIAL REPORTING, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2013(3-4), pages 141-168.
    16. Sawsan Halbouni & Asifa Yasin, 2016. "Risk Disclosure: Empirical Investigation of UAE Companies’ Compliance with International Accounting Standards," International Journal of Business and Management, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 11(8), pages 134-134, July.
    17. Elshandidy, Tamer & Fraser, Ian & Hussainey, Khaled, 2013. "Aggregated, voluntary, and mandatory risk disclosure incentives: Evidence from UK FTSE all-share companies," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 320-333.
    18. Elisa Baraibar‐Diez & María D. Odriozola & José Luis Fernández Sánchez, 2017. "A Survey of Transparency: An Intrinsic Aspect of Business Strategy," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(4), pages 480-489, May.
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    21. Miihkinen, Antti, 2012. "What Drives Quality of Firm Risk Disclosure?," The International Journal of Accounting, Elsevier, vol. 47(4), pages 437-468.

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