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The Wealth and Risk Effects of the Gramm‐Leach‐Bliley Act (GLBA) on the US Banking Industry

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  • Abdullah Mamun
  • M. Kabir Hassan
  • Neal Maroney

Abstract

The Gramm‐Leach‐Bliley Act (GLBA) of 1999 marks the end of Depression era regulations like the Glass‐Steagall Act of 1933 and Bank Holding Company Act of 1956. These acts have restricted banks from securities and insurance underwriting business. This paper examines the impact of the GLBA on the banking industry. We find that the banking industry has a welfare gain from this law. We investigate two different categorizations of the banking industry. We find that Money Center banks followed by the Super Regional banks benefited most from this deregulation. On the other hand, banks that had Section 20 investment subsidiaries gained more than other banks in the second category. The results also show that the exposure to systematic risk for different categories of banks decreased after the passage of this law, which implies that the GLBA is fairly successful in containing the risk that accompanied the act and also created diversification opportunities. For Money Center banks, Super Regional Banks, banks with a section 20 subsidiary and banks with a new financial subsidiary, a shift in the exposure to systematic risk can explain the overall cross sectional variation in return from the deregulation. In both categorizations we find that larger banks gained more, while the overall explanatory power of profitability is not conclusive.

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  • Abdullah Mamun & M. Kabir Hassan & Neal Maroney, 2005. "The Wealth and Risk Effects of the Gramm‐Leach‐Bliley Act (GLBA) on the US Banking Industry," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(1‐2), pages 351-388, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jbfnac:v:32:y:2005:i:1-2:p:351-388
    DOI: 10.1111/j.0306-686X.2005.00597.x
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    3. Dung V. Tran & M. Kabir Hassan & Isabelle Girerd‐Potin & Pascal Louvet, 2020. "Activity Strategies, Agency Problems, And Bank Risk," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 43(3), pages 575-613, August.
    4. Pang-Ru Chang & Jin-Lung Peng & Chiang Ku Fan, 2011. "A Comparison of Bancassurance and Traditional Insurer Sales Channels," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 36(1), pages 76-93, January.
    5. Yeager, Timothy J. & Yeager, Fred C. & Harshman, Ellen, 2007. "The Financial Services Modernization Act: Evolution or Revolution?," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 59(4), pages 313-339.
    6. Kathy Estes, 2014. "Diversification and Community Bank Performanceduringa Financial Crisis," International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies, Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 3(4), pages 01-40, October.
    7. Asaftei, Gabriel, 2008. "The contribution of product mix versus efficiency and technical change in US banking," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(11), pages 2336-2345, November.
    8. Akhigbe, Aigbe & Martin, Anna D., 2008. "Influence of disclosure and governance on risk of US financial services firms following Sarbanes-Oxley," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(10), pages 2124-2135, October.
    9. Kuei-Chiu Lee & Wun-Hong Su & Chien-Yen Liu, 2017. "Operating Performance Evaluation Based on Z-score Model and Profitability between Cross-Straits Credit Cooperatives," Review of Economics & Finance, Better Advances Press, Canada, vol. 10, pages 72-82, November.
    10. Chronopoulos, Dimitris K. & Wilson, John O.S. & Yilmaz, Muhammed H., 2023. "Regulatory oversight and bank risk," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    11. Mu-Sheng Chang & Elyas Elyasiani, 2015. "Do insurance activities enhance the performance of financial services holding companies?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(33), pages 3559-3576, July.
    12. Chiang Ku Fan, 2012. "Compare bancassurance sales with an insurer's own team in Taiwan," International Journal of Business Performance Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 13(3/4), pages 274-293.

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