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The Mansholt Plan Forty Years On Le plan Mansholt quarante ans après Der Mansholt‐Plan vierzig Jahre später

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  • David R. Stead

Abstract

The Mansholt Plan Forty Years On Forty years ago, Europe's Agricultural Commissioner Sicco Mansholt headed a unique attempt to transform the rural economy of the then six‐member European Economic Community The Commission published a provocative memorandum proposing broad policies to accelerate structural change in agriculture, including providing financial incentives to encourage about half of the farming population to leave the sector, with five million hectares of land targeted to be removed from production. Unsurprisingly, the‘Mansholt Plan’produced passionate protests, and the three Directives eventually adopted were far less ambitious in scope and financial commitment than the original proposals. The fate of the Mansholt Plan is a classic example of the difficulties faced in overcoming the status quo bias of agricultural policy even with the shock tactics then employed by the Commission. Juxtaposing the plan with today's policy environment highlights the dramatic changes that have occurred in the agricultural sector, and the re‐orientation of the CAP The counterfactual scenario of wholesale implementation of the 1968 memorandum programme would, in hindsight, have almost certainly featured repercussions and recriminations exacerbating the problems of European integration. Hence the case study of the Mansholt Plan also looks like a cautionary tale against introducing‘big bang’policy reform in the future. Il y a de cela quarante ans, le Commissaire européen pour l'agriculture Sicco Mansholt a mené une tentative unique de transformer l'économie rurale des six membres de la Communautééconomique européenne de l'époque. La Commission a publié un mémorandum provoquant qui proposait des politiques générales pour accélérer le changement structurel dans le secteur agricole. Le mémorandum prévoyait notamment des financements pour encourager environ la moitié de la population agricole à quitter le secteur, cinq millions d'hectares étant ainsi soustraits à la production. Sans surprise, le plan Mansholt a été l'objet de protestations passionnées et les trois Directives qui ont fini par être adoptées ont été bien moins ambitieuses en taille et en financement que les propositions d'origine. Le destin du plan Mansholt constitue un exemple classique qui illustre combien il est difficile de lutter contre les distorsions de la politique agricole en place, même en adoptant la tactique de choc alors employée par la Commission. Considérer le plan dans le contexte actuel permet de faire ressortir l'ampleur de l'évolution du secteur agricole et des réorientations de la Politique Agricole Commune. A postériori, la mise en œuvre du programme du mémorandum de 1968 aurait sans doute entraîné des répercussions et récriminations qui auraient aggravé les problèmes d'intégration européenne. L'étude du plan Mansholt apparaît ainsi comme un avertissement contre l'introduction future de réformes brutales des politiques. Vor vierzig Jahren unternahm der europäische Agrarkommissar Sicco Mansholt den einzigartigen Versuch, die rurale Wirtschaft der Europäischen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft mit ihren damals sechs Mitgliedern zu transformieren. Die Kommission veröffentlichte ein provokatives Memorandum, welches umfangreiche Politikmaßnahmen zur Beschleunigung des Strukturwandels in der Landwirtschaft vorschlug, wie z.B. das Schaffen von finanziellen Anreizen, um ungefähr die Hälfte der in der Landwirtschaft tätigen Bevölkerung dazu anzuregen, den Agrarsektor zu verlassen. Dabei sollten fünf Millionen Hektar Boden aus der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion wegfallen. Der “Mansholt‐Plan” rief natürlich heftige Proteste hervor, und die letztendlich verabschiedeten drei Richtlinien waren weit weniger ambitioniert in Bezug auf Reichweite und fi nanzielle Verpflichtungen als der ursprüngliche Entwurf Das Schicksal des Mansholt‐Plans ist ein klassisches Beispiel für die Schwierigkeiten bei der Überwindung des Status Quo‐Bias der Agrarpolitik, welche selbst bei der damals von der Kommission angewandten Schocktaktik zu bewältigen waren. Stellt man den Plan dem heutigen Politikumfeld gegenüber, werden die dramatischen Veränderungen im Agrarsektor sowie die Neuorientierung der GAP deutlich. Betrachtet man dieses kontrafaktische Szenario einer umfassenden Implementierung des Memorandums von 1968 im Nachhinein, wären mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit Rückwirkungen und gegenseitige Schuldzuweisungen aufgetreten, was eine Verschärfung der Probleme der europäischen Integration nach sich gezogen hätte. Daher kann der Mansholt‐Plan ebenfalls als ein abschreckendes Beispiel für die urknallartige Einführung von Politikreformen in der Zukunft angesehen werden.

Suggested Citation

  • David R. Stead, 2007. "The Mansholt Plan Forty Years On Le plan Mansholt quarante ans après Der Mansholt‐Plan vierzig Jahre später," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 6(3), pages 40-45, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:6:y:2007:i:3:p:40-45
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-692X.2007.00074.x
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    1. Rob Ackrill & Adrian Kay & David Harvey, 2006. "The EU Budget and the CAP: An Agenda for the Review?," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 5(3), pages 20-25, December.
    2. Fennell, Rosemary, 1997. "The Common Agricultural Policy: Continuity and Change," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198288572.
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    1. David R. Stead, 2008. "The Birth of the CAP," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 7(SpecialIs), pages 6-12, August.
    2. Sahrbacher, Amanda, 2012. "Impacts of CAP reforms on farm structures and performance disparities: An agent-based approach," Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transition Economies, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), volume 65, number 65.

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