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Geographical Indications and Public Good Relationships: Evidence and Policy Implications

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  • Maria Cecilia Mancini
  • Marianna Guareschi
  • Valentin Bellassen
  • Filippo Arfini

Abstract

In the European context, geographical indications (GIs) are tools that contribute to the achievement of rural development policy objectives. In this article, we propose that GI value chains produce positive environmental, social and economic benefits, defined as Public Goods (PGs), resulting from the rules defined in the Code of Specifications (CoS). This article reports the main results of the Strength2food H2020 project, designed to assessing the impact of GIs (through their CoSs) on agri‐food system sustainability. Specifically, this report highlights that GI CoSs may generate PGs through the rules codified in CoSs presented as good practices in the production of PGs for other GI systems. Some final recommendations are proposed from the analysis of those good practices which contribute to the generation of PGs and, consequently, to the improvement of a sustainable rural development process. Case studies analysed show that generation of PGs requires both an internal and external intervention. The former intervention implies governance strategies for GI territorial systems and value chains that can improve the production of PGs. The latter intervention entails consumers and other stakeholder communication strategies to raise awareness regarding PG generation. These interventions will ultimately increase the social value of GIs. Dans le contexte européen, les indications géographiques (IG) sont des outils qui contribuent à la réalisation des objectifs de la politique de développement rural. Dans cet article, nous suggérons que les chaînes de valeur des IG apportent, du fait des règles définies dans le Cahier des charges (CdC), des avantages environnementaux, sociaux et économiques positifs, définis comme des biens d’intérêt public (BP). Cet article rapporte les principaux résultats du projet Strength2food H2020, conçu pour évaluer l'impact des IG (au travers de leurs CdC) sur la durabilité des systèmes agroalimentaires. Plus précisément, ce rapport souligne que les CdC des IG peuvent générer des BP à travers les règles codifiées dans les CdC présentées comme des bonnes pratiques pour la production de BP, transposables à d'autres systèmes d’IG. Quelques recommandations finales sont proposées à partir de l'analyse de ces bonnes pratiques qui contribuent à la production de BP et, par conséquent, à l'amélioration d'un processus de développement rural durable. Les études de cas analysées montrent que la production de BP nécessite à la fois une intervention interne et externe. Le premier type d’intervention implique des stratégies de gouvernance pour les systèmes territoriaux et les chaînes de valeur des IG qui peuvent améliorer la production de BP. Le second type demande d'autres stratégies de communication vers les consommateurs et d’autres parties prenantes pour sensibiliser à la production de BP. Ces interventions augmenteront à terme la valeur sociale des IG. Im europäischen Kontext sind geografische Herkunftsangaben Instrumente, die zur Zielerreichung in der ländlichen Entwicklungspolitik beitragen. In diesem Artikel zeigen wir, dass die Wertschöpfungsketten von Produkten mit geografischen Herkunftsangaben positive ökologische, soziale und wirtschaftliche Vorteile mit sich bringen. Sie werden als öffentliche Güter definiert, die sich aus den Qualitätsregelungen im „Code of Specifications“ (CoS) ergeben. In diesem Artikel werden die wichtigsten Ergebnisse des H2020‐Projekts „Strength2food“ vorgestellt. Darin werden die Auswirkungen von Produkten mit geografischen Herkunftsangaben auf die Nachhaltigkeit von Agrar‐ und Lebensmittelsystemen bewertet. Insbesondere wird in diesem Bericht hervorgehoben, dass die CoS zu Produkten mit geografischen Herkunftsangaben als Good‐Practice‐Beispiele für die Erzeugung von anderen öffentlichen Gütern im Hinblick auf Herkunftsangaben dienen können. Auf der Grundlage der Analyse dieser bewährten Verfahren zur Einführung von geografischen Herkunftsangaben auf Produkten und damit zur Verbesserung eines nachhaltigen ländlichen Entwicklungsprozesses werden abschließend einige Empfehlungen ausgesprochen. Die Fallstudien zeigen, dass die Schaffung von geografischen Herkunftsangaben auf Produkten sowohl eine interne als auch eine externe Intervention erfordert. Die erste Intervention impliziert Governance‐Strategien für Gebietsabgrenzungen und Wertschöpfungsketten, die die Produktion von Produkten mit geografischen Herkunftsangaben verbessern können. Die zweite Intervention umfasst Kommunikationsstrategien für Verbraucher und Verbraucherinnen und andere Interessengruppen, um das Bewusstsein für die Erzeugung von Produkten mit geografischen Herkunftsangaben zu schärfen. Diese Interventionen werden letztendlich den sozialen Wert der Produkte erhöhen.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Cecilia Mancini & Marianna Guareschi & Valentin Bellassen & Filippo Arfini, 2022. "Geographical Indications and Public Good Relationships: Evidence and Policy Implications," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 21(2), pages 66-71, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:21:y:2022:i:2:p:66-71
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12360
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Belletti, Giovanni & Marescotti, Andrea & Touzard, Jean-Marc, 2017. "Geographical Indications, Public Goods, and Sustainable Development: The Roles of Actors’ Strategies and Public Policies," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 45-57.
    2. Filippo Arfini & Elena Cozzi & Maria Cecilia Mancini & Hugo Ferrer-Perez & José María Gil, 2019. "Are Geographical Indication Products Fostering Public Goods? Some Evidence from Europe," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-14, January.
    3. Filippo Arfini & Federico Antonioli & Elena Cozzi & Michele Donati & Marianna Guareschi & Maria Cecilia Mancini & Mario Veneziani, 2019. "Sustainability, Innovation and Rural Development: The Case of Parmigiano-Reggiano PDO," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-17, September.
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    1. Giovanni Peira & Sergio Arnoldi & Alessandro Bonadonna, 2025. "Non-Food Geographical Indications in the European Union: Comparative Indicators, Cluster Typologies, and Policy Scenarios Under Regulation (EU) 2023/2411," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-25, October.

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