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Is the Covid‐19 Pandemic a Game Changer in GMO Regulation?

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  • Justus Wesseler
  • Kai Purnhagen

Abstract

La pandémie de Covid‐19 pourrait agir comme un déclencheur fort nécessaire pour changer la réglementation de l'Union européenne concernant les organismes génétiquement modifiés (OGM). Il y a deux raisons principales à cela. Premièrement, la majorité des vaccins en cours de développement relèveraient de la directive 2001/18 relative à la dissémination d'OGM dans l'environnement. Le Parlement européen et le Conseil sont convenus qu'au considérant 17 du règlement 2020/1043, la procédure d'approbation actuelle des OGM n'est pas bien adaptée pour améliorer la santé publique. Cela ressort en particulier de la nécessité d'approuver les vaccins dans le contexte de la pandémie de Covid‐19; et une procédure d'approbation plus appropriée serait appliquée. Deuxièmement, plusieurs études ont montré que la crise du Covid‐19 réduit le pouvoir d'achat des ménages et accroît leur vulnérabilité en cas de pénurie alimentaire; et les augmentations des prix alimentaires qui en résultent aggravent encore les problèmes nutritionnels des groupes vulnérables. La sélection végétale moderne est capable de fournir des solutions moins coûteuses pour soutenir les groupes vulnérables. Alors que la crise de la Covid‐19 épuise les budgets publics, les avis sur les OGM dans l'Union européenne peuvent changer à la lumière des expériences positives découlant de l'approbation des vaccins anti‐Covid‐19. Die Covid‐19‐Pandemie hat das Potenzial, als dringend benötigter Auslöser für Änderungen in den Richtlinien der Europäischen Union für genetisch veränderte Organismen (GVO) zu wirken. Für diese mögliche Entwicklung gibt es zwei Hauptgründe. Zum einen würde die Mehrheit der in der Entwicklung befindlichen Impfstoffe unter die Richtlinie 2001/18 über die „Freisetzung von GVO in die Umwelt“ fallen. Das Europäische Parlament und der Rat waren sich im Hinblick auf Erwägungsgrund 17 der Verordnung 2020/1043 einig, dass das derzeitige Zulassungsverfahren für GVO nicht gut geeignet ist, um die Gesundheit der Bevölkerung zu verbessern. Diese Diskussion wurde insbesondere durch die Notwendigkeit einer Impfstoffzulassung im Zusammenhang mit der Covid‐19‐Pandemie vorangetrieben. Dabei sollte ein geeigneteres Zulassungsverfahren zur Anwendung kommen. Zum anderen haben mehrere Studien gezeigt, dass die Covid‐19‐Krise die Kaufkraft der Haushalte verringert und ihre Krisenanfälligkeit im Falle einer Nahrungsmittelknappheit erhöht. Der mit einer solchen Verknappung verbundene Anstieg der Lebensmittelpreise verschärft die Ernährungsprobleme von benachteiligten Bevölkerungsgruppen noch weiter. Die moderne Pflanzenzüchtung bietet die Möglichkeit, kostengünstigere Lösungen für die Unterstützung dieser Bevölkerungsgruppen bereitzustellen. Da die Covid‐19‐Krise die öffentlichen Haushalte stark belastet, könnten sich angesichts der positiven Erfahrungen mit der Zulassung von Covid‐19‐Impfstoffen die Meinungen innerhalb der EU zum Thema GVO ändern. The Covid‐19 pandemic has the potential to act as a much‐needed trigger for changes to the European Union regulations around genetically modified organisms (GMOs). There are two main reasons for this potential development. Firstly, the majority of vaccines under development would fall under Directive 2001/18 on the release of GMOs into the environment. The European Parliament and Council agreed that, in Recital 17 of Regulation 2020/1043, the current approval procedure for GMOs is not well‐suited to improving public health. This was driven in particular by the need for vaccine approval in the context of the Covid‐19 pandemic; and a more appropriate approval procedure would be applied. Secondly, several studies have shown that the Covid‐19 crisis reduces the purchasing power of households and increases their vulnerability in the case of food shortages; and consequent increases in food prices further exacerbate the nutritional problems of vulnerable groups. Modern plant breeding has the potential to provide less expensive solutions to support vulnerable groups. As the Covid‐19 crisis drains government budgets, views around GMOs in the EU may change in the light of positive experiences from the approval of Covid‐19 vaccines.

Suggested Citation

  • Justus Wesseler & Kai Purnhagen, 2020. "Is the Covid‐19 Pandemic a Game Changer in GMO Regulation?," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 19(3), pages 49-52, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:19:y:2020:i:3:p:49-52
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12301
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Geoffrey Barrows & Steven Sexton & David Zilberman, 2014. "Agricultural Biotechnology: The Promise and Prospects of Genetically Modified Crops," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 28(1), pages 99-120, Winter.
    2. Wilhelm Klümper & Matin Qaim, 2014. "A Meta-Analysis of the Impacts of Genetically Modified Crops," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(11), pages 1-7, November.
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