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Insuring Weather Risks in European Agriculture

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  • Willemijn Vroege
  • Robert Finger

Abstract

Smart insurance designs (e.g. tailoring insurances to the individual farm) and technological progress (e.g. advances in satellite technology) enable improvements in insurance schemes. Spatially and temporally more detailed information as well as better knowledge of the relationship between weather and yields losses can reduce basis risk of insurances. However, the use of new and better data does not automatically lead to better insurance schemes. The SURE‐Farm project contributes to the understanding of weather risks and new insurance mechanisms as possible tools to increase the resilience of European agriculture to weather extremes. Therefore, we aim to show how to integrate newly available data sources for different agricultural outputs, namely grassland, crop and dairy production in different European regions. In the four contributions summarised here, we evaluate currently existing index insurance schemes and provide fundamental insights for future developments of index insurances for the crop and livestock sector in Europe. We first summarise and discuss existing index‐based weather insurances. Second, we investigate the drought risk reduction potential of different drought indicators in two case studies on different crops in Eastern Germany. Third, we examine the relationship between hot and humid weather and milk yield losses for dairy producers in Flanders. La conception d'assurances intelligentes (par exemple, l'adaptation des contrats à l'exploitation individuelle) et le progrès technologique (par exemple les progrès de la technologie des satellites) permettent d'améliorer les dispositifs d'assurance. Des informations spatiales et temporelles plus détaillées ainsi qu'une meilleure connaissance de la relation entre les intempéries et les pertes de rendement peuvent réduire le risque de base des assurances. Cependant, l'utilisation de données nouvelles et améliorées ne conduit pas automatiquement à de meilleurs dispositifs d'assurance. Le projet SURE‐Farm contribue à la compréhension des risques météorologiques et des nouveaux mécanismes d'assurance susceptibles d'accroître la résilience de l'agriculture européenne aux conditions météorologiques extrêmes. Par conséquent, nous visons à montrer comment intégrer les nouvelles sources de données disponibles pour différentes productions agricoles, à savoir les prairies, les cultures et la production laitière dans différentes régions européennes. Dans les quatre contributions résumées ici, nous évaluons les dispositifs d'assurance indicielle existants et apportons des informations fondamentales pour le développement d'assurances indicielles pour le secteur des cultures et de l’élevage en Europe. Nous résumons et examinons tout d'abord les assurances météorologiques indexées actuelles. Deuxièmement, nous étudions le potentiel de réduction du risque de sécheresse de différents indicateurs de sécheresse dans deux études de cas sur différentes cultures en Allemagne de l'Est. Troisièmement, nous examinons la relation entre des conditions météorologiques chaudes et humides et les pertes de rendement laitier pour les producteurs laitiers de Flandre. Intelligente Versicherungskonzepte (z. B. betriebsspezifische Versicherungen) und technologischer Fortschritt (z. B. Weiterentwicklungen in der Satellitentechnologie) machen Verbesserungen im Versicherungssystem möglich. Der Zugang zu detaillierteren räumlichen und zeitlichen Informationen sowie ein verbessertes Wissen über den Zusammenhang zwischen Wetter und Ertragsausfällen können das Basisrisiko von Versicherungen reduzieren. Dennoch führt die Nutzung von neuen und besseren Daten nicht automatisch zu besseren Versicherungssystemen. Aus diesem Grund möchte das SURE‐Farm‐Projekt einen Beitrag zum Verständnis von Wetterrisiken und neuen Versicherungsmechanismen als möglichen Werkzeugen leisten mit dem Ziel, die Widerstandsfähigkeit der europäischen Landwirtschaft gegen Wetterextreme zu erhöhen. Im Rahmen des Projekts wollen wir zeigen, wie neue Datenquellen für verschiedene landwirtschaftliche Produktionszweige, nämlich Grünland, Ackerbau und Milchproduktion in verschiedene europäische Regionen integriert werden können. In den vier hier zusammengefassten Beiträgen bewerten wir die derzeit bestehenden Indexversicherungen und liefern grundlegende Erkenntnisse für deren zukünftige Entwicklungen für den Ackerbau und die Tierhaltung in Europa. Wir fassen zunächst die bestehenden indexbasierten Wetterversicherungen zusammen und diskutieren sie. Anschließend untersuchen wir das Dürrerisiko‐Minderungspotenzial verschiedener Dürreindikatoren in zwei Fallstudien zu verschiedenen Anbaukulturen in Ostdeutschland. Schließlich testen wir einen möglichen Zusammenhang zwischen heißem und feuchtem Wetter und Milchertragsverlusten bei flämischen Milchviehbetrieben.

Suggested Citation

  • Willemijn Vroege & Robert Finger, 2020. "Insuring Weather Risks in European Agriculture," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 19(2), pages 54-62, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:19:y:2020:i:2:p:54-62
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12285
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Manuela Meraner & Robert Finger, 2019. "Risk perceptions, preferences and management strategies: evidence from a case study using German livestock farmers," Journal of Risk Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(1), pages 110-135, January.
    2. Mario J. Miranda, 1991. "Area-Yield Crop Insurance Reconsidered," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 73(2), pages 233-242.
    3. Daniel J. Clarke, 2016. "A Theory of Rational Demand for Index Insurance," American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 8(1), pages 283-306, February.
    4. Janic Bucheli & Tobias Dalhaus & Robert Finger, 2021. "The optimal drought index for designing weather index insurance," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 48(3), pages 573-597.
    5. Meuwissen, Miranda P.M. & Feindt, Peter H. & Spiegel, Alisa & Termeer, Catrien J.A.M. & Mathijs, Erik & de Mey, Yann & Finger, Robert & Balmann, Alfons & Wauters, Erwin & Urquhart, Julie & Vigani, Mau, 2019. "A framework to assess the resilience of farming systems," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 176, pages 1-10.
    6. Alisa Spiegel & Bárbara Soriano & Yann de Mey & Thomas Slijper & Julie Urquhart & Isabel Bardají & Mauro Vigani & Simone Severini & Miranda Meuwissen, 2020. "Risk Management and its Role in Enhancing Perceived Resilience Capacities of Farms and Farming Systems in Europe," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 19(2), pages 45-53, August.
    7. Simone Severini & Giuliano Di Tommaso & Robert Finger, 2019. "Effects of the Income Stabilization Tool on farm income level, variability and concentration in Italian agriculture," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 7(1), pages 1-22, December.
    8. Vedenov, Dmitry V. & Barnett, Barry J., 2004. "Efficiency of Weather Derivatives as Primary Crop Insurance Instruments," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 29(3), pages 1-17, December.
    9. Vroege, Willemijn & Dalhaus, Tobias & Finger, Robert, 2019. "Index insurances for grasslands – A review for Europe and North-America," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 101-111.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bucheli, Janic & Dalhaus, Tobias & Finger, Robert, 2022. "Temperature effects on crop yields in heat index insurance," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    2. Stéphanie Barral, 2023. "Risk management in the Common Agricultural Policy: the promises of data and finance in the face of increasing hazards," Review of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Studies, Springer, vol. 104(1), pages 67-76, March.
    3. Tappi, Marco & Nardone, Gianluca & Santeramo, Fabio Gaetano, 2022. "On the relationships among durum wheat yields and weather conditions: evidence from Apulia region, Southern Italy," Bio-based and Applied Economics Journal, Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AIEAA), vol. 11(2), July.
    4. Vroege, Willemijn & Dalhaus, Tobias & Wauters, Erwin & Finger, Robert, 2023. "Effects of extreme heat on milk quantity and quality," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    5. Schmitt, Jonas & Offermann, Frank & Söder, Mareike & Frühauf, Cathleen & Finger, Robert, 2022. "Extreme weather events cause significant crop yield losses at the farm level in German agriculture," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    6. Tappi, Marco & Carucci, Federica & Gatta, Giuseppe & Giuliani, Marcella Michela & Lamonaca, Emilia & Santeramo, Fabio Gaetano, 2023. "Temporal and design approaches and yield-weather relationships," MPRA Paper 117488, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Feindt, Peter H. & Meuwissen, Miranda P. M. & Balmann, Alfons & Finger, Robert & Mathijs, Erik & Paas, Wim & Soriano, Bárbara & Spiegel, Alisa & Urquhart, Julie & Reidsma, Pytrik, 2022. "Understanding and addressing the resilience crisis of Europe’s farming systems: A synthesis of the findings from the SURE-Farm project," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, pages 342-374.

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