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Efektywność polskiego rolnictwa na tle pozostałych krajów Unii Europejskiej

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  • Baran, Joanna

Abstract

W artykule, bazując na metodzie Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), okreś- lono efektywność polskiego rolnictwa na tle 25 krajów UE w 2014 r. Zastosowano model DEA zorientowany na minimalizację nakładów. Do modelu przyjęto jako zmienne: (1) efekt (wartość produkcji rolnej) oraz (4) nakłady (powierzchnia UR, liczba pełnozatrudnionych w rolnictwie, zużycie nawozów, zużycie energii). Stworzono ranking państw pod względem efektywności rolnictwa. Efektywnym sektorem rolnictwa charakteryzowały się: Holandia, Dania, Grecja, Wielka Brytania, Włochy i Belg ia. Dla państw, w których rolnictwo uznane zostało za nieefektywne zgodnie z ideą benchmarkingu, zaproponowano zmiany w pozio- mie nakładów, które mogłyby przyczynić się do poprawy ich efektywności. Efektywność rolnictwa w Polsce wypadła słabo na tle pozostałych członków UE. Przyczyną tej sytuacji mogą być problemy strukturalne, niska wydajność pracy w sektorze rolnym w Polsce oraz ekstensywny charakter produkcji rolniczej. Następnie zbadano, czy ist nieje zależność pomiędzy ro zwojem gospodarczym poszcze- gólnych krajów – członków UE a poziomem efektywności rolnictwa. W wyniku przepro- wadzonych badań stwierdzono, że „stare” kraje UE-15, które charakteryzują się wyższym poziomem rozwoju gospodarczego, mają również wyższą efektywność rolnictwa. Z kolei w krajach, które przystąpiły do UE po 2004 r., zaobserwowano odwrotną zależność: im wyższy rozwój gospodarczy, tym mniejsza efektywność rolnictwa. ----- The article determines efficiency of agriculture in the EU Member States in 2014 based on Data Envelopment Analysis method. The DEA model focused on minimizing inputs. The model features the following variables: 1 effect (value of agricultural production) and 4 inputs (arable area, number of people employed in agriculture, use of fertilizers, use of energy). It was found that among the 25 studied countries, 6 countries had efficient agriculture. The efficient agriculture group included the Netherlands, Denmark, Greece, the UK, Italy and Belgium. Based on the DEA method benchmarks have been defined for countries with inefficient agriculture. On the basis of these benchmarks for inefficient agricultural sectors, it is possible to determine a combination of technologies that allow the same results to be achieved with less input. The efficiency of agriculture in Poland fared poorly compared to other EU Member States. The reason behind it might be structural problems, low labour and land productivity in the agricultural sector in Poland and the extensive nature of agricultural production.

Suggested Citation

  • Baran, Joanna, 2016. "Efektywność polskiego rolnictwa na tle pozostałych krajów Unii Europejskiej," Village and Agriculture (Wieś i Rolnictwo), Polish Academy of Sciences (IRWiR PAN), Institute of Rural and Agricultural Development, vol. 3(172), January.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:polvaa:262399
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.262399
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