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"Les gens ne viennent pas voir la qualité de l'eau dans un ruisseau, ils viennent voir un paysage". Comment favoriser la fourniture de biens publics d'origine agricole en Europe ?

Author

Listed:
  • DARROT, Catherine
  • GIORGIS, Diane
  • BILLAUD, Jean-Paul
  • BOUDES, Philippe

Abstract

Cet article analyse les modes de confrontation des logiques professionnelles des agriculteurs pourvoyeurs de biens publics (BP) d’origine agricole et les politiques publiques conçues pour soutenir la production de ces biens. L’introduction resitue dans une perspective de plus long terme les caractéristiques de la récente entrée en scène de la notion de biens publics dans les négociations de la Politique Agricole Commune. Elle présente également les éléments méthodologiques sur lesquels reposent les résultats, soient des enquêtes de terrain menées en 2012 et 2013 dans quatre zones agricoles d’Europe (Pieniny en Pologne, Haut Var et Marne en France, Parc national d’Exmoor en Grande-Bretagne). Puis l’article se compose de quatre sections. La première section montre que la confrontation des logiques professionnelles des agriculteurs et des politiques publiques donne naissance à deux types de BP : les premiers, de nature spontanée et principalement observés dans les Pieniny et dans le Haut Var, sont produits par la logique systémique de production des agriculteurs indépendamment de l’existence d’un soutien public. Les seconds, observés principalement dans la Marne et dans le parc national d’Exmoor, sont le fruit d’une injonction coercitive ou très fortement incitative de la politique publique, et correspondent à l’expression d’une demande sociale qui ne rencontre pas nécessairement la logique des agriculteurs. Les BP spontanés se présentent en « bouquet » cohérent du fait de la logique productive systémique qui les génère. La seconde section montre qu’aucune situation n’est figée, certains BP passant d’une catégorie à l’autre selon l’évolution des identités professionnelles des agriculteurs ou des dynamiques de destruction/protection de ces biens portées par l’action publique au fil des périodes historiques. La troisième et dernière section systématise ces observations dans un schéma de synthèse et propose quelques enseignements tirés de ces études de cas quant aux politiques publiques les plus à même de soutenir respectivement ces deux catégories de BP.

Suggested Citation

  • DARROT, Catherine & GIORGIS, Diane & BILLAUD, Jean-Paul & BOUDES, Philippe, 2015. ""Les gens ne viennent pas voir la qualité de l'eau dans un ruisseau, ils viennent voir un paysage". Comment favoriser la fourniture de biens publics d'origine agricole en Europe ?," Review of Agricultural and Environmental Studies - Revue d'Etudes en Agriculture et Environnement (RAEStud), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), vol. 96(4), November.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:frraes:276818
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.276818
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kaul, Inge & Conceicao, Pedro & Le Goulven, Katell & Mendoza, Ronald U. (ed.), 2003. "Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780195157413.
    2. Denis Barthelemy & Martino Nieddu, 2003. "Multifonctionnalité agricole : biens non marchands ou biens identitaires ?," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 273(1), pages 103-119.
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