IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ags/afjecr/340554.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Determinants of Inclusive Growth in Zambia

Author

Listed:
  • Habeenzu, Lennon Jambo

Abstract

Policymakers, scholars and development practitioners agree that economic growth is necessary but insufficient to achieve inclusive growth. Zambia witnessed improved GDP growth in recent decades. However, the country ranks among the poorest and wealth unequal in the world. This paper investigates the long run and short run determinants of inclusive growth in Zambia using the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) and error correction model (ECM) from 1980 to 2022. The findings show that initial income, inflation, foreign direct investment and trade openness improve inclusive growth in the long run. On the contrary, gross fixed capital formation and general government education expenditure have long run negative impact on inclusive growth. However, in the short run gross fixed capital formation and government education expenditure increase inclusive growth while inflation, foreign direct investment and trade openness dampens inclusive growth in the short run. From the findings, the study recommends that policymakers promote the inflow of foreign direct investment through a conducive economic environment, stable inflation rate, and complete openness of the economy to international trade while improving the levels of gross fixed capital formation and education expenditure to achieve higher inclusive growth in the long run.

Suggested Citation

  • Habeenzu, Lennon Jambo, 2023. "Determinants of Inclusive Growth in Zambia," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 12(1), March.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:afjecr:340554
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.340554
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/340554/files/Habeenzu.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.22004/ag.econ.340554?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Broadberry, Stephen & Gardner, Leigh, 2022. "Economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1885–2008: Evidence from eight countries," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    2. Nora Lustig & Jon Jellema & Valentina Martinez Pabon, 2023. "Are Budget Neutral Income Floors Fiscally Viable in Sub-Saharan Africa?," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 32(Supplemen), pages 202-227.
    3. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    4. Venus Khim-Sen Liew, 2004. "Which Lag Length Selection Criteria Should We Employ?," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 3(33), pages 1-9.
    5. Emeka Nkoro & Aham Kelvin Uko, 2016. "Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration technique: application and interpretation," Journal of Statistical and Econometric Methods, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 5(4), pages 1-3.
    6. De La Fuente,Alejandro & Rosales,Manuel & Jellema,Jon Robbert, 2017. "The impact of fiscal policy on inequality and poverty in Zambia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8246, The World Bank.
    7. Paresh Kumar Narayan, 2005. "The saving and investment nexus for China: evidence from cointegration tests," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(17), pages 1979-1990.
    8. Tella, Sherriffdeen A. & Alimi, Olorunfemi Y., 2016. "Determinants of Inclusive Growth in Africa: Role of Health and Demographic Changes," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 4(2), July.
    9. Ifzal Ali & Hyun Hwa Son, 2007. "Measuring Inclusive Growth," Asian Development Review (ADR), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 24(01), pages 11-31.
    10. Ali, Ifzal & Zhuang, Juzhong, 2007. "Inclusive Growth toward a Prosperous Asia: Policy Implications," ADB Economics Working Paper Series 97, Asian Development Bank.
    11. Rahul Anand & Mr. Volodymyr Tulin & Naresh Kumar, 2014. "India: Defining and Explaining Inclusive Growth and Poverty Reduction," IMF Working Papers 2014/063, International Monetary Fund.
    12. Mr. Ravi Balakrishnan & Mr. Chad Steinberg & Mr. Murtaza H Syed, 2013. "The Elusive Quest for Inclusive Growth: Growth, Poverty, and Inequality in Asia," IMF Working Papers 2013/152, International Monetary Fund.
    13. Rahul Anand & Mr. Saurabh Mishra & Mr. Shanaka J Peiris, 2013. "Inclusive Growth: Measurement and Determinants," IMF Working Papers 2013/135, International Monetary Fund.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Samuel Tolasa & Sisay Tolla Whakeshum & Negese Tamirat Mulatu, 2022. "Macroeconomic Determinants of Inflation in Ethiopia: ARDL Approach to Cointegration," European Journal of Business Science and Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Business and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 96-120.
    2. Inayatullah Jan & Shazia Farhat Durrani & Himayatullah Khan, 2021. "Does renewable energy efficiently spur economic growth? Evidence from Pakistan," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 373-387, January.
    3. Bloch, Harry & Rafiq, Shuddhasattwa & Salim, Ruhul, 2015. "Economic growth with coal, oil and renewable energy consumption in China: Prospects for fuel substitution," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 104-115.
    4. Jagannath Mallick, 2024. "Impact of economic globalisation and productivity on labour share in India and China," Indian Economic Review, Springer, vol. 59(1), pages 137-168, June.
    5. Armenia Androniceanu & Irina Georgescu & Ionuț Nica & Nora Chiriță, 2023. "A Comprehensive Analysis of Renewable Energy Based on Integrating Economic Cybernetics and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model—The Case of Romania," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-28, August.
    6. Yilanci, Veli & Aslan, Murat & Ozgur, Onder, 2021. "Disaggregated analysis of the curse of natural resources in most natural resource-abundant countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    7. Aamir Jamal & G. M. Bhat, 2023. "Disentangling the Nexus Between Exchange Rate Volatility, Exports, and FDI: Empirical Evidence from the Indian Economy," Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies, Emerging Markets Forum, vol. 15(3), pages 449-472, September.
    8. Oryani, Bahareh & Moridian, Ali & Sarkar, Biswajit & Rezania, Shahabaldin & Kamyab, Hesam & Khan, Muhammad Kamran, 2022. "Assessing the financial rеsоurсе curse hypothesis in Iran: Thе nоvеl dynаmiс АRDL approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    9. Hinsene Lemma Wegari & Sisay Tolla Whakeshum & Negese Tamirat Mulatu, 2022. "Human Capital and its Impact on Ethiopian Economic Growth: ARDL Approach to Co-integration," International Journal of Finance, Insurance and Risk Management, International Journal of Finance, Insurance and Risk Management, vol. 12(4), pages 78-100.
    10. Qin Fei & Rajah Rasiah & Leow Jia Shen, 2014. "The Clean Energy-Growth Nexus with CO2 Emissions and Technological Innovation in Norway and New Zealand," Energy & Environment, , vol. 25(8), pages 1323-1344, December.
    11. Teplova, Tamara V. & Rodina, Victoria A., 2021. "The reinvestment risk premium in the valuation of British and Russian government bonds," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    12. Arvian Triantoro & Muhammad Zaheer Akhtar & Shiraz Khan & Khalid Zaman & Haroon ur Rashid Khan & Abdul Wahab Pathath & Muhamad Amar Mahmad & Kamil Sertoglu, 2023. "Riding the Waves of Fluctuating Oil Prices: Decoding the Impact on Economic Growth," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(2), pages 34-50, March.
    13. Adekoya Adenuga Fabian & Abdul Razak Nor Azam, 2017. "The Dynamic Relationship between Crime and Economic Growth in Nigeria," International Journal of Management and Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of World Economy, vol. 53(1), pages 47-64, March.
    14. Chor Foon Tang and Eu Chye Tan, 2012. "Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in Portugal: Evidence from a Multivariate Framework Analysis," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 4).
    15. Ali, Adnan & Ramakrishnan, Suresh & Faisal,, 2022. "Financial development and natural resources. Is there a stock market resource curse?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    16. Anh-Tu Nguyen & Shih-Hao Lu & Phuc Thanh Thien Nguyen, 2021. "Validating and Forecasting Carbon Emissions in the Framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Case of Vietnam," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-38, May.
    17. Vikram Chadha & Ishu Chadda, 2020. "The imperative of social sector development for achieving the goal of inclusive growth in India: an analytical study," Journal of Social and Economic Development, Springer;Institute for Social and Economic Change, vol. 22(2), pages 355-378, December.
    18. Ogunmola, Omotoso Oluseye & Verter, Nahanga & Obayelu, Abiodun Elijah, 2023. "Factors Influencing the Prices of Rice, Maize and Wheat Prices in Nigeria," AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Economics and Management, vol. 15(1), January.
    19. Md. Saiful Islam & Anis ur Rehman & Imran Khan, 2024. "Assessing the Impact of Environmental Technology on CO 2 Emissions in Saudi Arabia: A Quantile-Based NARDL Approach," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-21, July.
    20. Md. Saiful Islam & Ibrahim A. Alhamad, 2023. "Do personal remittance outflows impede economic growth in Saudi Arabia? The role of trade, labor force, human, and physical capital," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-9, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Consumer/Household Economics;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ags:afjecr:340554. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: AgEcon Search (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajer/index .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.