Convergence des contributions aux inégalités de richesse dans le développement des pays européens

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Convergence des contributions aux inégalités de richesse dans le développement des pays européens

Author Info

Jalal EL OUARDIGHI
Rabija SOMUN-KAPETANOVIC

Abstract

Cet article examine l’évolution des inégalités des activités de production (PIB par habitant) et de technologie (Brevets par habitant) de 32 pays européens sur la période 1989-2002. La mesure de Theil est utilisée comme indicateur des inégalités. Elle est définie comme la somme des contributions de chaque pays à l’inégalité internationale. L’étude du processus de convergence/divergence des activités de production utilise le cadre théorique sur la convergence des économies. Cependant, par rapport à l’approche classique, l’originalité de notre démarche repose sur la modélisation des contributions aux inégalités globales du revenu. Les principaux facteurs explicatifs retenus sont les contributions aux inégalités technologiques internationales. L’hétérogénéité des comportements est mise en évidence via la vitesse de convergence. Cette dernière est mise en relation avec des spécificités nationales. Les résultats des estimations du modèle non-conditionnel indiquent une faible convergence des contributions aux inégalités : -0.2%, 0.2% et 0.1% respectivement dans le cadre de l’UE-15, l’UE- 25 et l’UE-32. Les résultats d’estimation du modèle conditionnel ne remettent pas en cause la faible vitesse de convergence des inégalités. Ils montrent cependant que l’effet des inégalités technologiques est significatif et il dépend du niveau de richesse des pays. Ainsi, les pays dont le PIB par habitant est important contribuent positivement aux inégalités internationales du revenu durant leur développement technologique. La prise en compte de l’hétérogénéité des comportements à travers le paramètre de convergence suggère que la vitesse de convergence est variable selon les pays. Les capacités technologiques apparaissent comme un facteur d’accélération : les pays à faibles capacités technologiques convergent moins vite que ceux à forte densité technologique. Ainsi, dans le cadre de l’UE-15, les vitesses varient entre 5.6% en Allemagne et -2.1% au Luxembourg. Elles sont moins élevées en considérant l’UE-25 et l’UE- 32 où les vitesses sont de l’ordre de 2.1% et 1.6% (en Allemagne), -1.5% et -1.8% (à Chypre) respectivement.

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Paper provided by Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, ULP, Strasbourg in its series Working Papers of BETA with number 2006-19.

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Date of creation: 2006
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Handle: RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2006-19

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data
O40 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General
O52 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Europe

This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

NEP-ALL-2006-12-16 (All new papers)
NEP-EEC-2006-12-16 (European Economics)

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