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Brecha de género en la educación secundaria

Author

Listed:
  • Marianne Bernatzky
  • Alejandro Cid

Abstract

En América Latina, el debate acerca de los resultados heterogéneos en educación formal se ha centrado en las diferencias entre pobres y ricos. Este foco ha guidado a los diseñadores de política. Existen, sin embargo, otras profundas diferencias que reciben escasa o nula atención en la política pública de la región, entre ellas, la brecha educativa por género. El presente estudio se centra en comparar el comportamiento de los hombres respecto a las mujeres en tres variables claves para los logros educativos: el atraso escolar, la deserción del sistema formal y las tasas de culminación de los distintos niveles educativos. Explotamos la existencia de datos representativos de toda la población de Uruguay durante 24 años (Encuesta Continua de Hogares: 1990-2013) y datos provenientes de la Encuesta Nacional a la Juventud y Adolescencia (2008). El foco está en la adolescencia (de 13 a 18 años), que es donde se concentran los indicadores de turbulencias en materia académica en América Latina. Nuestras mediciones muestran una brecha sistemática, con un signo persistente en todo el período: los adolescentes varones presentan mayores tasas de rezago y deserción, y menores tasas de culminación del ciclo básico y bachillerato. Este hallazgo es robusto en los diferentes contextos de ingresos del hogar, ciudad de procedencia, ascendencia étnica, centro educativo público o privado, y estructura familiar. Y, llamativamente, la magnitud de esta brecha ha permanecido inalterada en todo el período considerado. El estudio analiza posibles explicaciones detrás de estos resultados, y finaliza obteniendo datos cualitativos mediante entrevistas a docentes de educación secundaria, que trabajan en centros educativos de diferentes contextos. La incapacidad de eliminar la brecha y la predominancia de la desmotivación como factor explicativo, constituyen un fuerte impulso para futuras investigaciones y una llamada de atención para el diseño de política educativa, reclamando la necesidad de tener en cuenta la singularidad del individuo por género.

Suggested Citation

  • Marianne Bernatzky & Alejandro Cid, 2014. "Brecha de género en la educación secundaria," Documentos de Trabajo/Working Papers 1406, Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales y Economia. Universidad de Montevideo..
    • Handle: RePEc:mnt:wpaper:1406
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Brecha Educativa; Género; Educación;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • Z1 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics
    • Z13 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification

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