This paper analyzes the evolution of the labour market participation rate of men and women age 15 to 24 from 1976 to 1998. The0501n question being asked is why youth participation rates fell precipitously during the 1990s? We look at two dimensions of this decline: changes in the participation rate of youth who are not attending school (non-student participation rate) and changes in the employment rate of students. We find that the decline in the non-student participation rate is a consequence of two factors: (1) the overall bad state of the labour market in Canada during the 1990s, and (2) the large increase in school enrollment rates induced by factors other than the state of the labour market. One important finding is that demographic changes (baby boom vs baby bust) is a key explanation behind the steep increase in enrollment rates during the 1980s and 1990s. The only component of youth participation rates which seems to be a problem specific to the 1990s is the sharp drop in employment rates of students age 15 to 19.
Cette étude vise à analyser l'évolution du taux de participation des jeunes Canadiens âgés de 15 à 24 ans au cours de la période allant de 1976 à 1998. Plus précisément, nous cherchons à comprendre pourquoi le taux de participation des jeunes a chuté au cours des années 90. Pour ce faire, nous examinons les changements dans le taux de participation des jeunes qui ne fréquentent pas l'école ainsi que les changements dans le taux d'emploi des étudiants. Les résultats indiquent que la baisse du taux de participation des jeunes découle de deux facteurs : (1) les mauvaises conditions globales du marché du travail au Canada durant les années 90, et (2) l'augmentation substantielle de la fréquentation scolaire causée par des facteurs autres que l'effet induit par les conditions du marché du travail. Un résultat important est que les changements démographiques constituent un facteur-clé pouvant expliquer l'accroissement important des taux de fréquentation scolaire au cours des années 80 et 90. La seule composante pouvant expliquer la chute des taux de participation qui soit spécifique aux années 90 est la forte baisse des taux d'emploi des étudiants âgés de 15 à 19 ans.
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