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Tipo de Cambio Real y Crecimiento: Síntesis de la Evidencia y Agenda de Investigación

Author

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  • Diego Bastourre
  • Luis Casanova
  • Alejo Espora

Abstract

En los últimos años el Tipo de cambio real (TCR) ha pasado a cobrar relevancia en la literatura sobre crecimiento en función de diversos trabajos empíricos que avanzaron en detectar la existencia de una correlación positiva entre la expansión económica y el desalineamiento del TCR (medido de maneras alternativas). Dado este panorama general, el presente documento tiene dos objetivos centrales. En primer término, examinar críticamente el estado de la discusión teórica y la evidencia empírica internacional respecto de la relación entre crecimiento y TCR. El segundo es realizar una revisión de los principales trabajos de investigación orientados a examinar los canales por los cuales puede operar dicha relación. Estos canales se centran sucintamente en: i) el impulso que un tipo de cambio real competitivo y estable genera en los sectores exportadores; ii) los incentivos a la diversificación productiva y comercial, fenómeno que presupone que el TCR puede jugar un papel importante en procesos de cambio estructural; y iii) su impacto en la inversión agregada y su asignación sectorial. El documento incluye, además, resultados preliminares que avalan lo encontrado en buena parte de la literatura, en torno a la existencia de un vínculo estrecho entre tipo de cambio y crecimiento en economías emergentes, especialmente asiáticas y en menor medida latinoamericanas, detectándose en todos los casos ciertos condicionantes para que la relación opere en la dirección esperada.

Suggested Citation

  • Diego Bastourre & Luis Casanova & Alejo Espora, 2011. "Tipo de Cambio Real y Crecimiento: Síntesis de la Evidencia y Agenda de Investigación," IIE, Working Papers 082, IIE, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
    • Handle: RePEc:akh:wpaper:082
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