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The Effects of Technical Change on Labor Market Inequalities

In: Handbook of Economic Growth

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Author Info
Hornstein, Andreas
Krusell, Per
Violante, Giovanni L.

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Abstract

In this chapter we inspect economic mechanisms through which technological progress shapes the degree of inequality among workers in the labor market. A key focus is on the rise of U.S. wage inequality over the past 30 years. However, we also pay attention to how Europe did not experience changes in wage inequality but instead saw a sharp increase in unemployment and an increased labor share of income, variables that remained stable in the U.S. We hypothesize that these changes in labor market inequalities can be accounted for by the wave of capital-embodied technological change, which we also document. We propose a variety of mechanisms based on how technology increases the returns to education, ability, experience, and "luck" in the labor market. We also discuss how the wage distribution may have been indirectly influenced by technical change through changes in certain aspects of the organization of work, such as the hierarchical structure of firms, the extent of unionization, and the degree of centralization of bargaining. To account for the U.S.-Europe differences, we use a theory based on institutional differences between the United States and Europe, along with a common acceleration of technical change. Finally, we briefly comment on the implications of labor market inequalities for welfare and for economic policy.

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This chapter was published in: Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed.) Handbook of Economic Growth, , chapter 20, pages 1275-1370, 2005.

This item is provided by Elsevier in its series Handbook of Economic Growth with number 1-20.

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This chapter was published in the following book, which is listed on IDEAS:
Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed.), 2005. "Handbook of Economic Growth," Handbook of Economic Growth, Elsevier, edition 1, volume 1, number 1. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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O0 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - General

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