IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/rvmgts/v15y2021i2d10.1007_s11846-019-00345-4.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Managers beyond borders: side-by-side management in mutual funds and pension funds

Author

Listed:
  • Mercedes Alda

    (University of Zaragoza)

Abstract

Firms of collective investment industries, such as mutual and pension funds, are knowledge-intensive organizations that share managers between their multi-businesses to transfer the know-how of their employees and take advantage of the firm-specific human capital. This paper analyses the determinants and consequences of the simultaneous management (also called side-by-side or SBS management) of mutual and pension funds. In a sample of UK domestic equity mutual and pension funds, we find that managers are more likely to become SBS managers whether they belong to larger firms, have prior experience handling multiple funds, possess higher tenure, are female, and run smaller funds. Furthermore, SBS managers outperform their peers, showing the value of sharing human resources among diversified firms. Our results also show that holding similar portfolios between the funds of a manager may facilitate the multi-fund management. Top performers (SBS and non-SBS) present higher portfolio similarities than bottom performers, and higher fund similarities allow top managers to attract flows between their funds. However, top non-SBS managers erode performance due to higher portfolio similarities.

Suggested Citation

  • Mercedes Alda, 2021. "Managers beyond borders: side-by-side management in mutual funds and pension funds," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 15(2), pages 399-436, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:rvmgts:v:15:y:2021:i:2:d:10.1007_s11846-019-00345-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s11846-019-00345-4
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11846-019-00345-4
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11846-019-00345-4?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Adams, John C. & Mansi, Sattar A. & Nishikawa, Takeshi, 2012. "Are mutual fund fees excessive?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 2245-2259.
    2. Babalos, Vassilios & Caporale, Guglielmo Maria & Philippas, Nikolaos, 2015. "Gender, style diversity, and their effect on fund performance," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 57-74.
    3. Gervais, Simon & Odean, Terrance, 2001. "Learning to be Overconfident," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 14(1), pages 1-27.
    4. James A. Robins & Margarethe F. Wiersema, 2003. "The measurement of corporate portfolio strategy: analysis of the content validity of related diversification indexes," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(1), pages 39-59, January.
    5. Christoph Grimpe & Ulrich Kaiser, 2010. "Balancing Internal and External Knowledge Acquisition: The Gains and Pains from R&D Outsourcing," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(8), pages 1483-1509, December.
    6. Cici, Gjergji & Palacios, Luis-Felipe, 2015. "On the use of options by mutual funds: Do they know what they are doing?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 157-168.
    7. Galagedera, Don U.A. & Roshdi, Israfil & Fukuyama, Hirofumi & Zhu, Joe, 2018. "A new network DEA model for mutual fund performance appraisal: An application to U.S. equity mutual funds," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 168-179.
    8. Campbell, John Y & Ranish, Benjamin, 2014. "Getting Better or Feeling Better? How Equity Investors Respond to Investment Experience," CEPR Discussion Papers 9907, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    9. Golec, Joseph H., 1996. "The effects of mutual fund managers' characteristics on their portfolio performance, risk and fees," Financial Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 5(2), pages 133-147.
    10. Erik R. Sirri & Peter Tufano, 1998. "Costly Search and Mutual Fund Flows," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 53(5), pages 1589-1622, October.
    11. George M Korniotis & Alok Kumar, 2011. "Do Older Investors Make Better Investment Decisions?," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 93(1), pages 244-265, February.
    12. Clemens Sialm & Laura T. Starks & Hanjiang Zhang, 2015. "Defined Contribution Pension Plans: Sticky or Discerning Money?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 70(2), pages 805-838, April.
    13. Mercedes Alda, 2016. "Manager Characteristics and Manager-Replacement: How Is Pension Fund Performance Affected?," Czech Journal of Economics and Finance (Finance a uver), Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, vol. 66(2), pages 161-180, April.
    14. G.M. Constantinides & M. Harris & R. M. Stulz (ed.), 2013. "Handbook of the Economics of Finance," Handbook of the Economics of Finance, Elsevier, volume 2, number 2-b.
    15. C. K. Prahalad & Richard A. Bettis, 1986. "The dominant logic: A new linkage between diversity and performance," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 7(6), pages 485-501, November.
    16. Alexandra Niessen-Ruenzi & Stefan Ruenzi, 2019. "Sex Matters: Gender Bias in the Mutual Fund Industry," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 65(7), pages 3001-3025, July.
    17. G.M. Constantinides & M. Harris & R. M. Stulz (ed.), 2013. "Handbook of the Economics of Finance," Handbook of the Economics of Finance, Elsevier, volume 2, number 2-a.
    18. Powell, Melanie & Ansic, David, 1997. "Gender differences in risk behaviour in financial decision-making: An experimental analysis," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 18(6), pages 605-628, November.
    19. Alan Gregory & Rajesh Tharyan & Angela Christidis, 2013. "Constructing and Testing Alternative Versions of the Fama–French and Carhart Models in the UK," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(1-2), pages 172-214, January.
    20. Dwyer, Peggy D. & Gilkeson, James H. & List, John A., 2002. "Gender differences in revealed risk taking: evidence from mutual fund investors," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 76(2), pages 151-158, July.
    21. He Soung Ahn & Chiho Ok, 2019. "Good enough to move? Window-dressing performance impending turnover in inter-organizational mobility," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 13(2), pages 397-416, April.
    22. Pojarliev, Momtchil & Levich, Richard M., 2010. "Trades of the living dead: Style differences, style persistence and performance of currency fund managers," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(8), pages 1752-1775, December.
    23. Custódio, Cláudia & Ferreira, Miguel A. & Matos, Pedro, 2013. "Generalists versus specialists: Lifetime work experience and chief executive officer pay," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(2), pages 471-492.
    24. Watson, John & Robinson, Sherry, 2003. "Adjusting for risk in comparing the performances of male- and female-controlled SMEs," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 18(6), pages 773-788, November.
    25. David J. Teece, 2003. "Towards an Economic Theory of the Multiproduct Firm," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Essays In Technology Management And Policy Selected Papers of David J Teece, chapter 15, pages 419-446, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    26. Sofka, Wolfgang & Shehu, Edlira & de Faria, Pedro, 2014. "Multinational subsidiary knowledge protection—Do mandates and clusters matter?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(8), pages 1320-1333.
    27. Cici, Gjergji & Gibson, Scott & Moussawi, Rabih, 2010. "Mutual fund performance when parent firms simultaneously manage hedge funds," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 169-187, April.
    28. Thomas, Ashok & Spataro, Luca & Mathew, Nanditha, 2014. "Pension funds and stock market volatility: An empirical analysis of OECD countries," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 11(C), pages 92-103.
    29. Richard A. D'Aveni & David J. Ravenscraft & Philip Anderson, 2004. "From corporate strategy to business-level advantage: Relatedness as resource congruence," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 25(6-7), pages 365-381.
    30. Kelejian, Harry H & Prucha, Ingmar R, 1998. "A Generalized Spatial Two-Stage Least Squares Procedure for Estimating a Spatial Autoregressive Model with Autoregressive Disturbances," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 99-121, July.
    31. Altı, Aydoğan & Kaniel, Ron & Yoeli, Uzi, 2012. "Why do institutional investors chase return trends?," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 21(4), pages 694-721.
    32. Montgomery, Cynthia A. & Hariharan, S., 1991. "Diversified expansion by large established firms," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 71-89, January.
    33. Agarwal, Vikas & Boyson, Nicole M. & Naik, Narayan Y., 2009. "Hedge Funds for Retail Investors? An Examination of Hedged Mutual Funds," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 44(2), pages 273-305, April.
    34. Darlene Himick & Sophie Audousset-Coulier, 2016. "Responsible Investing of Pension Assets: Links between Framing and Practices for Evaluation," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 136(3), pages 539-556, July.
    35. Gary S. Becker, 1962. "Investment in Human Capital: A Theoretical Analysis," NBER Chapters, in: Investment in Human Beings, pages 9-49, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    36. James Robins & Margarethe F. Wiersema, 1995. "A resource‐based approach to the multibusiness firm: Empirical analysis of portfolio interrelationships and corporate financial performance," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 16(4), pages 277-299.
    37. Fonseca, Tiago & de Faria, Pedro & Lima, Francisco, 2019. "Human capital and innovation: the importance of the optimal organizational task structure," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(3), pages 616-627.
    38. Porter, Gary E. & Trifts, Jack W., 1998. "Performance Persistence of Experienced Mutual Fund Managers," Financial Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 7(1), pages 57-68.
    39. Tom Nohel & Z. Jay Wang & Lu Zheng, 2010. "Side-by-Side Management of Hedge Funds and Mutual Funds," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 23(6), pages 2342-2373, June.
    40. Douglas J. Miller, 2004. "Firms' technological resources and the performance effects of diversification: a longitudinal study," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(11), pages 1097-1119, November.
    41. Alda, Mercedes & Andreu, Laura & Sarto, José Luis, 2017. "Learning about individual managers’ performance in UK pension funds: The importance of specialization," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 654-667.
    42. Carhart, Mark M, 1997. "On Persistence in Mutual Fund Performance," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(1), pages 57-82, March.
    43. Sayan Chatterjee & Birger Wernerfelt, 1991. "The link between resources and type of diversification: Theory and evidence," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 12(1), pages 33-48, January.
    44. Guercio, Diane Del & Tkac, Paula A., 2002. "The Determinants of the Flow of Funds of Managed Portfolios: Mutual Funds vs. Pension Funds," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 37(4), pages 523-557, December.
    45. Matias Bronnenmayer & Bernd Wirtz & Vincent Göttel, 2016. "Success factors of management consulting," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 10(1), pages 1-34, January.
    46. Caron H. St. John & Jeffrey S. Harrison, 1999. "Manufacturing‐based relatedness, synergy, and coordination," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(2), pages 129-145, February.
    47. Adams, John C. & Nishikawa, Takeshi & Rao, Ramesh P., 2018. "Mutual fund performance, management teams, and boards," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 358-368.
    48. Christoph Grimpe & Ulrich Kaiser, 2010. "Balancing Internal and External Knowledge Acquisition: The Gains and Pains from R&D Outsourcing," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(8), pages 1483-1509, December.
    49. Blocher, Jesse, 2016. "Network externalities in mutual funds," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 1-26.
    50. Anne Y. Ilinitch & Carl P. Zeithaml, 1995. "Operationalizing and testing Galbraith's center of gravity theory," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 16(5), pages 401-410.
    51. Waldo Tapia & Juan Yermo, 2008. "Fees in Individual Account Pension Systems: A Cross-Country Comparison," OECD Working Papers on Insurance and Private Pensions 27, OECD Publishing.
    52. Wang, Ming-Chang & Cheng, Ming-Yuan, 2014. "The performance synergies between science and engineering and business management backgrounds of managers in high-tech mutual funds: Evidence from Taiwan," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 211-229.
    53. Lucia Piscitello, 2004. "Corporate diversification, coherence and economic performance," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 13(5), pages 757-787, October.
    54. Cynthia A. Montgomery, 1994. "Corporate Diversificaton," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 8(3), pages 163-178, Summer.
    55. John Seely Brown & Paul Duguid, 1991. "Organizational Learning and Communities-of-Practice: Toward a Unified View of Working, Learning, and Innovation," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 2(1), pages 40-57, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Alda, Mercedes & Andreu, Laura & Sarto, José Luis, 2017. "Learning about individual managers’ performance in UK pension funds: The importance of specialization," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 654-667.
    2. Alda, Mercedes & Vicente, Ruth, 2020. "Behavioural analysis of socially responsible investment managers: specialists versus non-specialists," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    3. Adrian Lüthge, 2020. "The concept of relatedness in diversification research: review and synthesis," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 14(1), pages 1-35, February.
    4. Mercedes Alda, 2016. "Manager Characteristics and Manager-Replacement: How Is Pension Fund Performance Affected?," Czech Journal of Economics and Finance (Finance a uver), Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, vol. 66(2), pages 161-180, April.
    5. Beggs, William, 2022. "The company you keep: Investment adviser clientele and mutual fund performance✰," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    6. Lin, Jia-Hui & Yen, Meng-Feng & Hsieh, Wei-Cheng, 2023. "Do manager characteristics matter in equity mutual fund performance? New evidence based on the double-adjusted alpha," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    7. Zhao Rong & Sheng Xiao, 2017. "Innovation†Related Diversification and Firm Value," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 23(3), pages 475-518, June.
    8. Blocher, Jesse, 2016. "Network externalities in mutual funds," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 1-26.
    9. Manral, Lalit & Harrigan, Kathryn R., 2018. "The logic of demand-side diversification: Evidence from the US telecommunications sector, 1990–1996," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 127-141.
    10. Lee, Hyunmin, 2023. "Strategic similarity in the co-evolution of technological and business diversification for firm growth: Evidence from smart-manufacturing related firms," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    11. Del Guercio, Diane & Genç, Egemen & Tran, Hai, 2018. "Playing favorites: Conflicts of interest in mutual fund management," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 128(3), pages 535-557.
    12. Yonca Ertimur & Caleb Rawson & Jonathan L. Rogers & Sarah L. C. Zechman, 2018. "Bridging the Gap: Evidence from Externally Hired CEOs," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 56(2), pages 521-579, May.
    13. John Y. Campbell & Tarun Ramadorai & Benjamin Ranish, 2014. "Getting Better or Feeling Better? How Equity Investors Respond to Investment Experience," NBER Working Papers 20000, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    14. Casavecchia, Lorenzo & Tiwari, Ashish, 2016. "Cross trading by investment advisers: Implications for mutual fund performance," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 99-130.
    15. Brown, Sarah & Durand, Robert B. & Harris, Mark N. & Weterings, Tim, 2014. "Modelling financial satisfaction across life stages: A latent class approach," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 117-127.
    16. Mercedes Alda, 2021. "The dilemma between fund‐style consistency and active management over the economic cycle. Evidence from pension funds," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(2), pages 2219-2240, April.
    17. Beggs, William & Hill-Kleespie, Austin & Liu, Yanguang, 2022. "Mutual fund tax implications when investment advisors manage tax-exempt separate accounts," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    18. Bae, Jongwan & Haight, Timothy & Kuang, Xin & Yin, Chengdong, 2023. "Advisory firm paths to side-by-side management and mutual fund performance," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 1-21.
    19. Adrian Lüthge & Ulrich Pidun & Dodo zu Knyphausen-Aufseß, 2021. "Approximating relatedness from a business model perspective: towards a taxonomic approach," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 813-846, April.
    20. Alonso-Borrego, César & Forcadell, Francisco Javier, 2010. "Related diversification and R&D intensity dynamics," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(4), pages 537-548, May.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Firm; Manager; Mutual fund; Pension fund; Side-by-side management;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:rvmgts:v:15:y:2021:i:2:d:10.1007_s11846-019-00345-4. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.