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Expérimentation de laboratoire et économie : contre quelques idées reçues et faux problèmes

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  • Etchart-Vincent, Nathalie

    (CIRED (CNRS/EHESS/ENPC/ENGREF))

Abstract

Despite its increasing use and legitimacy, experimental methodology in economics has been subject to some criticism, an extreme version of which concludes to its irrelevance to its object. With no claim to exhaustiveness, the paper presents and discusses some arguments that we consider to be questionable – because they are suspected to hide either a strategic temptation when facing unpleasant experimental results or a fallacious view of experimental goals and potentialities, or even an inadequate approach of economic reality itself – and shows that they are at best locally or partially valid. This allows us to remind the reader of the purposes of the experimental method, of its potentialities and limits as well as of some basic precautions to adopt. En dépit de son utilisation et de sa légitimité croissantes, l’expérimentation de laboratoire en économie fait parfois l’objet de critiques qui peuvent aller jusqu’à la remise en cause de la pertinence de l’outil. Sans prétendre à l’exhaustivité, nous revenons sur ceux de ces arguments qui revêtent selon nous un caractère discutable (parce qu’ils nous semblent selon les cas témoigner soit d’une tentation stratégique face à des résultats expérimentaux considérés comme gênants, soit d’une vision erronée des finalités et potentialités de la démarche, soit encore d’une lecture partielle de la réalité économique elle-même) afin de montrer que leur validité est au mieux locale et partielle. Nous en profitons pour rappeler les finalités de la méthode expérimentale, circonscrire son domaine d’application (c.-à-d. ses potentialités et limites) et indiquer quelques précautions d’utilisation.

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  • Etchart-Vincent, Nathalie, 2007. "Expérimentation de laboratoire et économie : contre quelques idées reçues et faux problèmes," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 83(1), pages 91-116, mars.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:actuec:v:83:y:2007:i:1:p:91-116
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    1. Ohana, Marc, 2009. "La réciprocité sur le marché du travail : les limites du laboratoire," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 85(2), pages 239-256, juin.

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