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Input-Output Modeling for Urban Energy Consumption in Beijing: Dynamics and Comparison

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  • Lixiao Zhang
  • Qiuhong Hu
  • Fan Zhang

Abstract

Input-output analysis has been proven to be a powerful instrument for estimating embodied (direct plus indirect) energy usage through economic sectors. Using 9 economic input-output tables of years 1987, 1990, 1992, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2005, and 2007, this paper analyzes energy flows for the entire city of Beijing and its 30 economic sectors, respectively. Results show that the embodied energy consumption of Beijing increased from 38.85 million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce) to 206.2 Mtce over the past twenty years of rapid urbanization; the share of indirect energy consumption in total energy consumption increased from 48% to 76%, suggesting the transition of Beijing from a production-based and manufacturing-dominated economy to a consumption-based and service-dominated economy. Real estate development has shown to be a major driving factor of the growth in indirect energy consumption. The boom and bust of construction activities have been strongly correlated with the increase and decrease of system-side indirect energy consumption. Traditional heavy industries remain the most energy-intensive sectors in the economy. However, the transportation and service sectors have contributed most to the rapid increase in overall energy consumption. The analyses in this paper demonstrate that a system-wide approach such as that based on input-output model can be a useful tool for robust energy policy making.

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  • Lixiao Zhang & Qiuhong Hu & Fan Zhang, 2014. "Input-Output Modeling for Urban Energy Consumption in Beijing: Dynamics and Comparison," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(3), pages 1-11, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0089850
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089850
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    2. Manfred Lenzen & Mengyu Li & Arunima Malik & Francesco Pomponi & Ya-Yen Sun & Thomas Wiedmann & Futu Faturay & Jacob Fry & Blanca Gallego & Arne Geschke & Jorge Gómez-Paredes & Keiichiro Kanemoto & St, 2020. "Global socio-economic losses and environmental gains from the Coronavirus pandemic," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(7), pages 1-13, July.
    3. Matsumoto, Ken'ichi & Matsumura, Yuko, 2022. "Challenges and economic effects of introducing renewable energy in a remote island: A case study of Tsushima Island, Japan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    4. Shi Wang & Hua Wang & Li Zhang & Jun Dang, 2019. "Provincial Carbon Emissions Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-21, April.
    5. Tian, Jing & Andraded, Celio & Lumbreras, Julio & Guan, Dabo & Wang, Fangzhi & Liao, Hua, 2018. "Integrating Sustainability Into City-level CO2 Accounting: Social Consumption Pattern and Income Distribution," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 1-16.
    6. Antonio Barragán-Escandón & Julio Terrados-Cepeda & Esteban Zalamea-León, 2017. "The Role of Renewable Energy in the Promotion of Circular Urban Metabolism," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-29, December.
    7. Othman, Jamal & Jafari, Yaghoob, 2013. "Identification of the key sectors producing CO2 emissions in Malaysia: application of Input–Output analysis," MPRA Paper 65192, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 19 Aug 2014.

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