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Carbon financial markets: A time–frequency analysis of CO2 prices

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  • Sousa, Rita
  • Aguiar-Conraria, Luís
  • Soares, Maria Joana

Abstract

We characterize the interrelation of CO2 prices with energy prices (electricity, gas and coal), and with economic activity. Previous studies have relied on time-domain techniques, such as Vector Auto-Regressions. In this study, we use multivariate wavelet analysis, which operates in the time–frequency domain. Wavelet analysis provides convenient tools to distinguish relations at particular frequencies and at particular time horizons. Our empirical approach has the potential to identify relations getting stronger and then disappearing over specific time intervals and frequencies. We are able to examine the coherency of these variables and lead–lag relations at different frequencies for the time periods in focus.

Suggested Citation

  • Sousa, Rita & Aguiar-Conraria, Luís & Soares, Maria Joana, 2014. "Carbon financial markets: A time–frequency analysis of CO2 prices," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 414(C), pages 118-127.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:414:y:2014:i:c:p:118-127
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2014.06.058
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    7. Adekoya, Oluwasegun B. & Oliyide, Johnson A. & Noman, Ambreen, 2021. "The volatility connectedness of the EU carbon market with commodity and financial markets in time- and frequency-domain: The role of the U.S. economic policy uncertainty," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
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    9. Huang, Shupei & An, Haizhong & Gao, Xiangyun & Huang, Xuan, 2016. "Time–frequency featured co-movement between the stock and prices of crude oil and gold," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 444(C), pages 985-995.
    10. Suleman, Muhammad Tahir & Rehman, Mobeen Ur & Sheikh, Umaid A. & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2023. "Dynamic time-frequency connectedness between European emissions trading system and sustainability markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    11. Rita Sousa & Luís Francisco Aguiar-Conraria & Maria Joana Soares, 2014. "Carbon and Energy Prices: Surfing the Wavelets of California," NIPE Working Papers 19/2014, NIPE - Universidade do Minho.
    12. Concepción González-Concepción & María Candelaria Gil-Fariña & Celina Pestano-Gabino, 2018. "Wavelet power spectrum and cross-coherency of Spanish economic variables," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 55(2), pages 855-882, September.
    13. Ahonen, Elena & Corbet, Shaen & Goodell, John W. & Günay, Samet & Larkin, Charles, 2022. "Are carbon futures prices stable? New evidence during negative oil," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PB).
    14. Chang, Kai & Ge, Fangping & Zhang, Chao & Wang, Weihong, 2018. "The dynamic linkage effect between energy and emissions allowances price for regional emissions trading scheme pilots in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 415-425.
    15. Chun Jiang & Yi-Fan Wu & Xiao-Lin Li & Xin Li, 2020. "Time-frequency Connectedness between Coal Market Prices, New Energy Stock Prices and CO 2 Emissions Trading Prices in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-17, April.
    16. Tian, Tingting & Lai, Kee-hung & Wong, Christina W.Y., 2022. "Connectedness mechanisms in the “Carbon-Commodity-Finance” system: Investment and management policy implications for emerging economies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    17. Abid, Fathi & Kaffel, Bilel, 2018. "Time–frequency wavelet analysis of the interrelationship between the global macro assets and the fear indexes," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 490(C), pages 1028-1045.
    18. Zeng, Shihong & Nan, Xin & Liu, Chao & Chen, Jiuying, 2017. "The response of the Beijing carbon emissions allowance price (BJC) to macroeconomic and energy price indices," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 111-121.
    19. Erdost Torun & Afife Duygu Ayhan Akdeniz & Erhan Demireli & Simon Grima, 2022. "Long-Term US Economic Growth and the Carbon Dioxide Emissions Nexus: A Wavelet-Based Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-16, August.
    20. Dan Nie & Yanbin Li & Xiyu Li, 2021. "Dynamic Spillovers and Asymmetric Spillover Effect between the Carbon Emission Trading Market, Fossil Energy Market, and New Energy Stock Market in China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-22, October.
    21. Rikun Wen & Shenjun Qi & Ahmad Jrade, 2016. "Simulation and Assessment of Whole Life-Cycle Carbon Emission Flows from Different Residential Structures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-15, August.

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