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Why has public transit ridership declined in the United States?

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Schouten, Andrew & Kawano, Yoh, 2024. "COVID-19 and the demand for transit access: Residential real estate prices in the Tokyo metropolitan area," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
  2. Jiayi Li & Zhaocheng He & Jiaming Zhong, 2022. "The Multi-Type Demands Oriented Framework for Flex-Route Transit Design," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-23, August.
  3. Hyland, Michael F. PhD & Pike, Susan PhD & Hu, Siwei & Berkel, Jacob Julius & Xing, Yan PhD & Saha, Ritun & Vander Veen, Geoffrey Hans & Yang, Dingtong PhD, 2025. "Job Access, Agency Cost, and VMT Impacts of Offering Microtransit alongside Fixed-route Transit," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt32v3x9mw, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
  4. Yu, Chengcheng & Dong, Wentao & Ye, Nixuan & Yuan, Quan & Yang, Chao, 2025. "Transitioning from incentive-based user acquisition to loyal retention on the mobility-as-a-service platform: A large-scale social experiment," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
  5. Handy, Susan L & Volker, Jamey M. B. & Hosseinzade, Reyhane, 2024. "Assessing the Effectiveness of Potential Vehicle-Miles-Traveled (VMT) Mitigation Measures," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt1pf307sp, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
  6. Bian, Jiahe & Li, Wei & Lee, Chanam, 2025. "Can transit apps boost ridership? An empirical study in San Antonio, Texas," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
  7. Wang, Zhuolun & Lin, Yan & Xue, Biao, 2025. "The impact of ride-hailing services on traditional travel modes: an empirical study based on the validity of Chinese ride-hailing regulatory policy," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
  8. Blumenberg, Evelyn & Siddiq, Fariba & Speroni, Samuel & Wasserman, Jacob L., 2024. "Driving A-loan: Automobile debt, neighborhood race, and the COVID-19 pandemic," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 321-330.
  9. Ziedan, Abubakr & Hightower, Ashley & Lima, Luiz & Brakewood, Candace, 2024. "The app or the cap? Which fare innovation affects bus ridership?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 247-258.
  10. Gao, Jing & Li, Sen, 2024. "Regulating for-hire autonomous vehicles for an equitable multimodal transportation network," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
  11. Kofi Obeng, 2024. "Incentivizing public transit to improve performance to meet the programmatic goal of a funding agency," Public Transport, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 187-212, March.
  12. Pike, Susan & Handy, Susan, 2023. "Mode Share Changes in California: An Exploratory Analysis of Factors Affecting Decreases in Walking, Biking and Transit Use from 2012 to 2017," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt9cg0f12x, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
  13. Soria, Jason & Edward, Deirdre & Stathopoulos, Amanda, 2023. "Requiem for transit ridership? An examination of who abandoned, who will return, and who will ride more with mobility as a service," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 139-154.
  14. Rodrigue, Lancelot & Manaugh, Kevin & El-Geneidy, Ahmed, 2025. "Towards a better understanding of changes in cost per riders for bus routes before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Montréal, Canada," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
  15. Wang, Xinyi & Mokhtarian, Patricia L., 2024. "Examining the treatment effect of teleworking on vehicle-miles driven: Applying an ordered probit selection model and incorporating the role of travel stress," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
  16. Liu, Luyu & Porr, Adam & Miller, Harvey J., 2024. "Measuring the impacts of disruptions on public transit accessibility and reliability," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
  17. Lyons, Torrey & Ewing, Reid & Tian, Guang, 2025. "Coverage vs frequency: Is spatial coverage or temporal frequency more impactful on transit ridership?," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
  18. Stéphanie Truchet-Aznar & Chloé Duvivier & Jacques Veslot, 2024. "Assessing the impact of fare-free public transport on ridership. The case of Clermont Auvergne Metropole [Évaluation de l’impact de la gratuité des transports en commun sur leur fréquentation. Application au cas de Clermont Auvergne Métropole]," Post-Print hal-04747019, HAL.
  19. Wang, Xiaohan & Chen, Xiqun (Michael) & Xie, Chi & Cheong, Taesu, 2024. "Coordinative dispatching of shared and public transportation under passenger flow outburst," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
  20. Liu, Hao & Devunuri, Saipraneeth & Lehe, Lewis & Gayah, Vikash V., 2023. "Scale effects in ridesplitting: A case study of the City of Chicago," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
  21. Chen, Xiaoxu & Cheng, Zhanhong & Schmidt, Alexandra M. & Sun, Lijun, 2025. "Conditional forecasting of bus travel time and passenger occupancy with Bayesian Markov regime-switching vector autoregression," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
  22. Ghimire, Subid & Bardaka, Eleni, 2025. "Examining the determinants of microtransit use and ridesharing based on trip microdata," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
  23. Weschke, Jan, 2023. "Scooting when the metro arrives — Estimating the impact of public transport stations on shared e-scooter demand," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
  24. Srinivasan, Sumeeta & Shamsuddin, Shomon & Cheng, Justina, 2025. "Bus ridership retention, place-based factors, and COVID-19 in the Boston area," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
  25. Hoque, Jawad Mahmud & Zhang, Ian & Schmitt, David & Erhardt, Gregory D., 2024. "Are public transit investments based on accurate forecasts? An analysis of the improving trend of transit ridership forecasts in the United States," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
  26. Asgharpour, Sina & Askari, Sajad & Mohammadian, Abolfazl (Kouros), 2025. "Dependence or preference? Navigating public transit loyalty across heterogeneous levels of transit dependence," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 821-837.
  27. Zhi, Danyue & Lv, Ying & Sun, Huijun & Feng, Xiaoyan & Song, Weize & Tirachini, Alejandro & Antoniou, Constantinos, 2025. "Understanding factors influencing ride-splitting adoption in Beijing: A comparative analysis with solo ride-hailing," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
  28. Pezeshknejad, Parsa & Palm, Matthew & Rowangould, Dana, 2025. "Public transit in transition: The “new normal” or a return to normal?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 1076-1089.
  29. Fulman, Nir & Marinov, Maria & Benenson, Itzhak, 2023. "Investigating occasional travel patterns based on smartcard transactions," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 152-166.
  30. Ziedan, Abubakr & Lima, Luiz & Brakewood, Candace, 2023. "A multiple mediation analysis to untangle the impacts of COVID-19 on nationwide bus ridership in the United States," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
  31. Tang, Tianli & Gu, Ziyuan & Yang, Yuanxuan & Sun, Haobo & Chen, Siyuan & Chen, Yuting, 2024. "A data-driven framework for natural feature profile of public transport ridership: Insights from Suzhou and Lianyungang, China," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
  32. Asgharpour, Sina & Askari, Sajad & Mohammadian, Abolfazl (Kouros), 2025. "Who stays loyal to transit? Understanding preference-based heterogeneity in service satisfaction," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
  33. Manville, Michael & King, Hannah & Matute, Juan & Lau, Theodore, 2024. "Neighborhood change and transit ridership: Evidence from Los Angeles and Orange Counties," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
  34. Yang, Chao & Dong, Wentao & Yuan, Quan & Cao, Rong & Yu, Chengcheng, 2025. "Integrating user values assessment with the augmented RFM model to enhance bus transit systems’ market segmentation," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 50-62.
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