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Progress in hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) internal combustion engines - A comprehensive review

Citations

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  1. Chen, Zhanming & Zhang, Tiancong & Wang, Xiaochen & Chen, Hao & Geng, Limin & Zhang, Teng, 2021. "A comparative study of combustion performance and emissions of dual-fuel engines fueled with natural gas/methanol and natural gas/gasoline," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
  2. Shi, Zhiwei & Xu, Huanhuan & Cui, Lin & Dong, Yong, 2026. "Burner, combustion characteristic and flame stabilization mechanism in micromix combustion: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
  3. Bum Youl Park & Ki-Hyung Lee & Jungsoo Park, 2020. "Conceptual Approach on Feasible Hydrogen Contents for Retrofit of CNG to HCNG under Heavy-Duty Spark Ignition Engine at Low-to-Middle Speed Ranges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-16, July.
  4. Hai, Tao & Hussein Kadir, Dler & Ghanbari, Afshin, 2023. "Modeling the emission characteristics of the hydrogen-enriched natural gas engines by multi-output least-squares support vector regression: Comprehensive statistical and operating analyses," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
  5. Tang, Yuanyou & Wang, Yang & Long, Wuqiang & Xiao, Ge & Wang, Yongjian & Li, Weixing, 2023. "Analysis and enhancement of methanol reformer performance for online reforming based on waste heat recovery of methanol-diesel dual direct injection engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
  6. Moon, Seokyoon & Lee, Yunseok & Seo, Dongju & Lee, Seungin & Hong, Sujin & Ahn, Yun-Ho & Park, Youngjune, 2021. "Critical hydrogen concentration of hydrogen-natural gas blends in clathrate hydrates for blue hydrogen storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
  7. Farhan, Muhammad & Chen, Tianhao & Rao, Anas & Shahid, Muhammad Ihsan & Xiao, Qiuhong & Liu, Yongzheng & Ma, Fanhua, 2024. "Performance, emissions and combustion analysis of hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas spark ignition engine by optimized Gaussian process regression and neural network at low speed on different loads," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
  8. Maria Mitu & Codina Movileanu & Venera Giurcan, 2021. "Deflagration Characteristics of N 2 -Diluted CH 4 -N 2 O Mixtures in the Course of the Incipient Stage of Flame Propagation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-16, September.
  9. Qiu, Songgang & Gao, Yuan & Rinker, Garrett & Yanaga, Koji, 2019. "Development of an advanced free-piston Stirling engine for micro combined heating and power application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 987-1000.
  10. Stephan Karmann & Stefan Eicheldinger & Maximilian Prager & Malte Jaensch & Georg Wachtmeister, 2023. "Optical and Thermodynamic Investigations of a Methane- and Hydrogen-Blend-Fueled Large-Bore Engine Using a Fisheye Optical System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-26, February.
  11. Mehra, Roopesh Kumar & Duan, Hao & Luo, Sijie & Rao, Anas & Ma, Fanhua, 2018. "Experimental and artificial neural network (ANN) study of hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) engine under various ignition timings and excess air ratios," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 736-754.
  12. Farhan, Muhammad & Chen, Tianhao & Rao, Anas & Shahid, Muhammad Ihsan & Xiao, Qiuhong & Salam, Hamza Ahmad & Ma, Fanhua, 2024. "An experimental study of knock analysis of HCNG fueled SI engine by different methods and prediction of knock intensity by particle swarm optimization-support vector machine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
  13. Yu, Linhan & Qu, Ruiyang & Jiang, Shijie & Hu, Chenlong & Wang, Yumin & Xu, Liuyang & Li, Sichi & Du, Xuesen, 2026. "Advancements in the modification of TiFe alloys for enhanced hydrogen Storage: Strategies and future Directions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
  14. Zareei, Javad & Rohani, Abbas & Mazari, Farhad & Mikkhailova, Maria Vladimirovna, 2021. "Numerical investigation of the effect of two-step injection (direct and port injection) of hydrogen blending and natural gas on engine performance and exhaust gas emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
  15. Bilgili, Levent, 2023. "A systematic review on the acceptance of alternative marine fuels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
  16. Salam, Hamza Ahmad & Farhan, Muhammad & Shahid, Muhammad Ihsan & Chen, Tianhao & Rao, Anas & Li, Xin & Ma, Fanhua, 2025. "Experimental and predictive analysis of performance, emission, and combustion of a heavy-duty HCNG fueled spark-ignition engine by optimized support vector machine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
  17. Hussein Al-Yafei & Saleh Aseel & Ali Ansaruddin Kunju, 2025. "Evaluating the Sustainability of the Natural Gas-Based Methanol-to-Gasoline Industry: A Global Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-21, June.
  18. Sun, Chengqi & Li, Yuchen & Zhang, Shoujun & Deng, Banglin & Wu, Shiyun & Wu, Di, 2024. "Exploration the effect of natural gas composition on exhaust emissions of a CNG SI (spark-ignition) engine by extreme N2 substitution," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
  19. Jena, Priyaranjan & Raj, Reetu & Tirkey, Jeewan Vachan, 2023. "Thermodynamic performance study and RSM based optimization of SI engine using sewage sludge producer gas blend with methane," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
  20. Ma, Yue & Yang, Chen & Wang, Zhe & Yang, Jinguang, 2025. "5E analysis and optimization of marine parallel SOFC-engine-WHR integrated systems supplied with different low carbon fuel combinations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
  21. Johannes Fichtner & Jan Ninow & Joerg Kapischke, 2025. "Simultaneous Reductions in NO x Emissions, Combustion Instability, and Efficiency Loss in a Lean-Burn CHP Engine via Hydrogen-Enriched Natural Gas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-15, August.
  22. Qin, Yu & Wu, Jing & Xiao, Benyi & Cong, Ming & Hojo, Toshimasa & Cheng, Jun & Li, Yu-You, 2019. "Strategy of adjusting recirculation ratio for biohythane production via recirculated temperature-phased anaerobic digestion of food waste," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1235-1245.
  23. Ralf Peters & Janos Lucian Breuer & Maximilian Decker & Thomas Grube & Martin Robinius & Remzi Can Samsun & Detlef Stolten, 2021. "Future Power Train Solutions for Long-Haul Trucks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-57, February.
  24. Talebian, Hoda & Herrera, Omar E. & Tran, Martino & Mérida, Walter, 2018. "Electrification of road freight transport: Policy implications in British Columbia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 109-118.
  25. Gao, Chong & Zhang, Ran & Tan, Qinliang & Lin, Siying & Jin, Yao & Gao, Jianwei, 2025. "Optimal scheduling of regional multi-energy systems considering low-carbon co-firing strategy and carbon-green certificate equivalence conversion mechanism based on Dynamic-Free Newton-Raphson-based optimizer," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 330(C).
  26. Leng, Shuang & Xu, Shiyi & Wang, Sibo & Ha, Chan & Li, Chengjie & Wang, Cong & Qin, Jiang & Yu, Jianyang, 2026. "Study on the laws of coupled heat, mass transfer and chemical reactions in a segmented methanol steam reformer for engine thermochemical recuperation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 342(C).
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