Optimal scheduling of regional multi-energy systems considering low-carbon co-firing strategy and carbon-green certificate equivalence conversion mechanism based on Dynamic-Free Newton-Raphson-based optimizer

The increasing pressure of carbon reduction driven by global climate change poses significant challenges to the synergistic application of low-carbon technologies and market mechanisms. Therefore, a low-carbon economy optimization scheduling model is proposed by combining various clean energy co-firing technologies with carbon-green certificate equivalence conversion mechanism, validated through an improved algorithm. Firstly, the research focuses on regional multi-energy systems (RMES) by retrofitting coal-fired units into biomass co-firing units and adopting hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) technology to reduce carbon emissions from natural gas-fired units. Secondly, to meet carbon reduction demands, an optimal scheduling model is established by incorporating green certificates and tiered carbon trading mechanisms to enhance renewable energy utilization, achieve significant carbon reductions, and minimize system costs. Subsequently, Dynamic-Free Newton-Raphson-based optimizer (DF-NRBO) is employed to enhance computational efficiency and solution precision. Finally, simulations are conducted on an energy system in Northwest China. The results demonstrate that: 1) The proposed model and method achieved a 9.75 % reduction in carbon emissions and a 5.56 % improvement in wind and solar energy absorption rates. 2) The upper limit of blending ratios significantly impacts system operational performance and optimization outcomes. 3) The proposed algorithm improved computational efficiency by 33.49 %.