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Perspectives on fourth and fifth generation district heating

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Wack, Yannick & Baelmans, Martine & Salenbien, Robbe & Blommaert, Maarten, 2023. "Economic topology optimization of District Heating Networks using a pipe penalization approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
  2. Dibos, Sina & Pesch, Thiemo & Benigni, Andrea, 2024. "HeatNetSim: An open-source simulation tool for heating and cooling networks suitable for future energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 312(C).
  3. Sotnikov, Artem & Auer, Markus & Belliardi, Marco & Curti, Vinicio & Bühler, Pascal & Villasmil, Willy, 2026. "Model-based analysis of bypass control strategies in district heating: Revisiting constant and thermal bypass in a real network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 344(C).
  4. Brunt, Nicholas & Duquette, Jean & O'Brien, William, 2023. "Techno-economic and environmental performance of two state-of-the-art solar-assisted district energy system topologies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
  5. Leonidas Zouloumis & Nikolaos Ploskas & Nikolaos Taousanidis & Giorgos Panaras, 2025. "Smart Thermostat Development and Validation on an Environmental Chamber Using Surrogate Modelling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-26, June.
  6. Gjoka, Kristian & Rismanchi, Behzad & Crawford, Robert H., 2023. "Fifth-generation district heating and cooling systems: A review of recent advancements and implementation barriers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
  7. Dahash, Abdulrahman & Bott, Christoph & Giordano, Fabrizia & Serageldin, Ahmed, 2026. "Simulation-based planning for cost-effective and energy-efficient large-scale seasonal thermal energy storage systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
  8. Qin, Qiwei & Gosselin, Louis, 2024. "Community-based transactive energy market concept for 5th generation district heating and cooling through distributed optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 371(C).
  9. Wack, Yannick & Serra, Sylvain & Baelmans, Martine & Reneaume, Jean-Michel & Blommaert, Maarten, 2023. "Nonlinear topology optimization of District Heating Networks: A benchmark of a mixed-integer and a density-based approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PB).
  10. Kuntuarova, Saltanat & Licklederer, Thomas & Huynh, Thanh & Zinsmeister, Daniel & Hamacher, Thomas & Perić, Vedran, 2024. "Design and simulation of district heating networks: A review of modeling approaches and tools," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
  11. Steinegger, Josef & Hammer, Andreas & Wallner, Stefan & Kienberger, Thomas, 2024. "Revolutionizing heat distribution: A method for harnessing industrial waste heat with supra-regional district heating networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 372(C).
  12. Zhang, Nan & Liu, Gang & Man, Xiaoxin & Wang, Qingqin, 2025. "Climate and resource characteristics-based zoning of heat source retrofit for heating systems and implications for heat consumption of urban settlements in cold regions of China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
  13. Hirsch, Hauke & Nicolai, Andreas, 2022. "An efficient numerical solution method for detailed modelling of large 5th generation district heating and cooling networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
  14. Lédée, François & Evins, Ralph, 2024. "A comparison of 4th and 5th generation thermal networks with energy hub," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
  15. Guo, Yurun & Wang, Shugang & Wang, Jihong & Zhang, Tengfei & Ma, Zhenjun & Jiang, Shuang, 2024. "Key district heating technologies for building energy flexibility: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
  16. Lyden, A. & Brown, C.S. & Kolo, I. & Falcone, G. & Friedrich, D., 2022. "Seasonal thermal energy storage in smart energy systems: District-level applications and modelling approaches," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
  17. Young-Jik Youn & Yong-Hoon Im, 2022. "Technical Feasibility Assessment for a Novel Fifth-Generation District Heating Model of Interconnected Operation with a Large-Scale Building," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-30, October.
  18. Romanov, D. & Leiss, B., 2022. "Geothermal energy at different depths for district heating and cooling of existing and future building stock," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
  19. Sun, Fangtian & Wang, Zhicheng & Xu, Wanqing & Chen, Baogeng, 2025. "Configuration optimization of a novel multi-energy coupled low temperature district heating system based on distributed absorption and compression heat pumps," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 330(C).
  20. Jodeiri, A.M. & Goldsworthy, M.J. & Buffa, S. & Cozzini, M., 2022. "Role of sustainable heat sources in transition towards fourth generation district heating – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
  21. Reza Bahadori & Matthias Speich & Silvia Ulli-Beer, 2025. "Modernizing District Heating Networks: A Strategic Decision-Support Framework for Sustainable Retrofitting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-25, July.
  22. Barns, David G. & Bale, Catherine S.E. & Turner, Joshua L. & Loveridge, Fleur & Rees, Simon & Fletcher, Martin, 2026. "Opportunities and costs for shared ground loops," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
  23. Ferla, G. & Caputo, P., 2022. "Biomass district heating system in Italy: A comprehensive model-based method for the assessment of energy, economic and environmental performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PB).
  24. Jordi García-Céspedes & Ignasi Herms & Georgina Arnó & José Juan de Felipe, 2022. "Fifth-Generation District Heating and Cooling Networks Based on Shallow Geothermal Energy: A review and Possible Solutions for Mediterranean Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-31, December.
  25. Bogdanovics, Raimonds & Zemitis, Jurgis & Zajacs, Aleksandrs & Borodinecs, Anatolijs, 2024. "Small-scale district heating system as heat storage for decentralized solar thermal collectors during non-heating period," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
  26. Riccardo Toffanin & Paola Caputo & Marco Belliardi & Vinicio Curti, 2022. "Low and Ultra-Low Temperature District Heating Equipped by Heat Pumps—An Analysis of the Best Operative Conditions for a Swiss Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-19, May.
  27. Piotr Krawczyk & Krzysztof Badyda & Aleksandra Dzido, 2025. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Increasing the Share of Renewable Energy Sources in Heat Generation Using the Example of a Medium-Sized City in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-13, February.
  28. Sommer, Tobias & Sotnikov, Artem & Sulzer, Matthias & Scholz, Volkher & Mischler, Stefan & Rismanchi, Behzad & Gjoka, Kristian & Mennel, Stefan, 2022. "Hydrothermal challenges in low-temperature networks with distributed heat pumps," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
  29. Yuan, Xiaolei & Liu, Jiayi & Sun, Sijia & Lin, Xiaojie & Fan, Xiaojun & Zhao, Weixin & Kosonen, Risto, 2025. "Data center waste heat for district heating networks: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
  30. Belliardi, Marco & Caputo, Paola & Ferla, Giulio & Cereghetti, Nerio & Antonioli Mantegazzini, Barbara, 2023. "An innovative application of 5GDHC: A techno-economic assessment of shallow geothermal systems potential in different European climates," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
  31. Li, Ximei & Gao, Jianmin & Chen, Bingyuan & You, Shi & Zheng, Yi & Du, Qian & Qin, Yukun, 2023. "Multi-objective optimization of district heating systems with turbine-driving fans and pumps considering economic, exergic, and environmental aspects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
  32. Müller, Dominik & Bott, Christoph & Hagström, Markku & Bayer, Peter, 2026. "Cavern thermal energy storage: State of play and prospects," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 404(C).
  33. Yang, Tianrun & Liu, Wen & Sun, Qie & Hu, Weihao & Kramer, Gert Jan, 2023. "Techno-economic-environmental analysis of seasonal thermal energy storage with solar heating for residential heating in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
  34. Gjoka, Kristian & Rismanchi, Behzad & Crawford, Robert H., 2024. "Fifth-generation district heating and cooling: Opportunities and implementation challenges in a mild climate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
  35. Østergaard, Dorte Skaarup & Smith, Kevin Michael & Tunzi, Michele & Svendsen, Svend, 2022. "Low-temperature operation of heating systems to enable 4th generation district heating: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
  36. Michał Żurawski & Łukasz Mika & Jakub Kuś, 2025. "A Review of Existing Hybrid District Heating Substations and Their Application Potential," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-18, September.
  37. Sollich, Martin & Van Belle, Vincent & Wack, Yannick & Salenbien, Robbe & Baelmans, Martine & Blommaert, Maarten, 2025. "Unlocking temperature reduction of cogeneration district heating networks through automated substation retrofit," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
  38. Edtmayer, Hermann & Nageler, Peter & Heimrath, Richard & Mach, Thomas & Hochenauer, Christoph, 2021. "Investigation on sector coupling potentials of a 5th generation district heating and cooling network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
  39. Tervo, Seela & Syri, Sanna & Hiltunen, Pauli, 2025. "Reducing district heating carbon dioxide emissions with data center waste heat – Region perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
  40. Yoon, Sungmin & Lee, Jechan, 2024. "Perspective for waste upcycling-driven zero energy buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
  41. Yan, Biao & Yang, Wansheng & He, Fuquan & Huang, Kehua & Zeng, Wenhao & Zhang, Wenlong & Ye, Haiseng, 2022. "Strategical district cooling system operation in hub airport terminals, a research focusing on COVID-19 pandemic impact," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
  42. Poškas, Robertas & Sirvydas, Arūnas & Mingilaitė, Laura & Poškas, Povilas & Jouhara, Hussam, 2024. "Investigation of effect of cooling water characteristics on flue gas condensation along vertical tube heat exchanger," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
  43. Dominik Keiner & Larissa D.S.N.S. Barbosa & Dmitrii Bogdanov & Arman Aghahosseini & Ashish Gulagi & Solomon Oyewo & Michael Child & Siavash Khalili & Christian Breyer, 2021. "Global-Local Heat Demand Development for the Energy Transition Time Frame Up to 2050," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-51, June.
  44. Dénarié, A. & Aprile, M. & Motta, M., 2023. "Dynamical modelling and experimental validation of a fast and accurate district heating thermo-hydraulic modular simulation tool," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
  45. Socci, Luca & Rocchetti, Andrea & Verzino, Antonio & Zini, Andrea & Talluri, Lorenzo, 2024. "Enhancing third-generation district heating networks with data centre waste heat recovery: analysis of a case study in Italy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
  46. Ieva Pakere & Dagnija Blumberga & Anna Volkova & Kertu Lepiksaar & Agate Zirne, 2023. "Valorisation of Waste Heat in Existing and Future District Heating Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-22, September.
  47. Hong, Yejin & Yoon, Sungmin, 2022. "Holistic Operational Signatures for an energy-efficient district heating substation in buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
  48. Yao, Shuai & Wu, Jianzhong & Qadrdan, Meysam, 2024. "A state-of-the-art analysis and perspectives on the 4th/5th generation district heating and cooling systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
  49. Müller, Simon & Bott, Christoph & Schmitt, David & Faigl, Markus & Göttl, Klaus & Strobel, Rainer & Bayer, Peter & Schrag, Tobias, 2025. "Implementation of an expanding thermal source network as a step towards CO2-neutral industry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 330(C).
  50. Wirtz, Marco, 2023. "nPro: A web-based planning tool for designing district energy systems and thermal networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
  51. Xiong, Jie & Guo, Siyue & Wu, Yi & Yan, Da & Xiao, Chan & Lu, Xi, 2023. "Predicting the response of heating and cooling demands of residential buildings with various thermal performances in China to climate change," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
  52. Werner, Sven, 2022. "Network configurations for implemented low-temperature district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).
  53. Boghetti, Roberto & Kämpf, Jérôme H., 2024. "Verification of an open-source Python library for the simulation of district heating networks with complex topologies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
  54. Munćan, Vladimir & Mujan, Igor & Macura, Dušan & Anđelković, Aleksandar S., 2024. "The state of district heating and cooling in Europe - A literature-based assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
  55. Buonomano, A. & Forzano, C. & Mongibello, L. & Palombo, A. & Russo, G., 2024. "Optimising low-temperature district heating networks: A simulation-based approach with experimental verification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
  56. Xie, Zichan & Wang, Haichao & Hua, Pengmin & Lahdelma, Risto, 2023. "Discrete event simulation for dynamic thermal modelling of district heating pipe," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
  57. Leiria, Daniel & Johra, Hicham & Marszal-Pomianowska, Anna & Pomianowski, Michal Zbigniew, 2023. "A methodology to estimate space heating and domestic hot water energy demand profile in residential buildings from low-resolution heat meter data," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PB).
  58. Barco-Burgos, J. & Bruno, J.C. & Eicker, U. & Saldaña-Robles, A.L. & Alcántar-Camarena, V., 2022. "Review on the integration of high-temperature heat pumps in district heating and cooling networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
  59. Li, Xiang & Yilmaz, Selin & Patel, Martin K. & Chambers, Jonathan, 2023. "Techno-economic analysis of fifth-generation district heating and cooling combined with seasonal borehole thermal energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
  60. Yuan, Meng & Vad Mathiesen, Brian & Schneider, Noémi & Xia, Jianjun & Zheng, Wen & Sorknæs, Peter & Lund, Henrik & Zhang, Lipeng, 2024. "Renewable energy and waste heat recovery in district heating systems in China: A systematic review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
  61. Barth, Florian & Schüppler, Simon & Menberg, Kathrin & Blum, Philipp, 2023. "Estimating cooling capacities from aerial images using convolutional neural networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
  62. Hong, Yejin & Yoon, Sungmin & Choi, Sebin, 2023. "Operational signature-based symbolic hierarchical clustering for building energy, operation, and efficiency towards carbon neutrality," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
  63. Li, Chenghao & Prasad, Sunku & Bai, Yunfei & Turkeri, Cebrail & Wang, Jihong, 2025. "A quasi-dynamic model and comprehensive simulation study of district heating networks considering temperature delay," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
  64. Calise, Francesco & Cappiello, Francesco Liberato & Cimmino, Luca & Vicidomini, Maria & Petrakopoulou, Fontina, 2024. "Thermoeconomic analysis of a novel topology of a 5th generation district energy network for a commercial user," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 371(C).
  65. Henrik Schwaeppe & Luis Böttcher & Klemens Schumann & Lukas Hein & Philipp Hälsig & Simon Thams & Paula Baquero Lozano & Albert Moser, 2022. "Analyzing Intersectoral Benefits of District Heating in an Integrated Generation and Transmission Expansion Planning Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-31, March.
  66. Barco Burgos, Jimmy & Bruno, Joan Carles & Ganesan, Aravind & Cimmino, Luca & Garcia-G, Deivi & Saldaña-Robles, Alberto & Joya-Cárdenas, Diego R. & Delgado Monroy, José & Colombo, José & Ortiz Valdez,, 2025. "Techno-economic analysis of integrated biomass gasification and alkaline electrolysis for 5th generation district energy networks in Quebec, Canada," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
  67. Langner, Felix & Kovačević, Jovana & Spatafora, Luigi & Dietze, Stefan & Waczowicz, Simon & Çakmak, Hüseyin K. & Matthes, Jörg & Hagenmeyer, Veit, 2025. "Experimental evaluation of model predictive control and fuzzy logic control for demand response in buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 401(PA).
  68. Karl Specht & Max Berger & Thomas Bruckner, 2025. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Operating Temperature Variations in a 4th Generation District Heating Grid—A German Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-33, April.
  69. Zhou, Suyang & Chen, Jinyi & Gu, Wei & Fang, Xin & Yuan, Xiaodong, 2023. "An adaptive space-step simulation approach for steam heating network considering condensate loss," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PA).
  70. Mengting Jiang & Camilo Rindt & David M. J. Smeulders, 2022. "Optimal Planning of Future District Heating Systems—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-38, September.
  71. Bachmann, Max & Kriegel, Martin, 2023. "Assessing the heat distribution costs of linear and radial district heating networks: A methodological approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
  72. Guevara Bastidas, Edison & Faulstich, Stefan & Dittmer, Holger & Neumayer, Martin & Mohan, Gowtham Sakthivel & Sercan-Calismaz, Kibriye & Hosenfelder, Frank & Glenewinkel, Thilo & Fischer-Florschütz, , 2025. "Prioritisation of faults in district heating substations: Towards predictive maintenance and optimised operation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
  73. Meibodi, Saleh S. & Loveridge, Fleur, 2022. "The future role of energy geostructures in fifth generation district heating and cooling networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
  74. Cameron, Lewis & Winskel, Mark & Bolton, Ronan, 2025. "Explaining the emergence and absence of Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage in the UK: Evidence from local case studies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PB).
  75. Ozoliņa, Signe Allena & Pakere, Ieva & Jaunzems, Dzintars & Blumberga, Andra & Grāvelsiņš, Armands & Dubrovskis, Dagnis & Daģis, Salvis, 2022. "Can energy sector reach carbon neutrality with biomass limitations?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
  76. Testasecca, Tancredi & Catrini, Pietro & La Villetta, Maurizio & Beccali, Marco & Piacentino, Antonio, 2025. "Energy assessment of thermal solar-powered district heating and cooling networks for a cluster of buildings in Mediterranean climate," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
  77. Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Andersen, Anders N., 2023. "Optimal heat storage in district energy plants with heat pumps and electrolysers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
  78. Damir Požgaj & Branimir Pavković & Boris Delač & Vladimir Glažar, 2023. "Retrofitting of the District Heating System Based on the Application of Heat Pumps Operating with Natural Refrigerants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-28, February.
  79. Maccarini, Alessandro & Sotnikov, Artem & Sommer, Tobias & Wetter, Michael & Sulzer, Matthias & Afshari, Alireza, 2023. "Influence of building heat distribution temperatures on the energy performance and sizing of 5th generation district heating and cooling networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
  80. Horak, Daniel & Hainoun, Ali & Neugebauer, Georg & Stoeglehner, Gernot, 2022. "A review of spatio-temporal urban energy system modeling for urban decarbonization strategy formulation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
  81. Frison, Lilli & Gölzhäuser, Simon & Bitterling, Moritz & Kramer, Wolfgang, 2024. "Evaluating different artificial neural network forecasting approaches for optimizing district heating network operation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
  82. Calise, Francesco & Cappiello, Francesco Liberato & Cimmino, Luca & Dentice d’Accadia, Massimo & Vicidomini, Maria, 2023. "A comparative thermoeconomic analysis of fourth generation and fifth generation district heating and cooling networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
  83. Wu, Yifan & Zhao, Hengxin & Wu, Shuangdui & Duan, Mengfan & Sun, Hongli & Lin, Borong & Liu, Xiaohua, 2025. "Evaluation methods of intermittent heating at the individual scale: From theory to terminal application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PD).
  84. Xie, Zichan & Wang, Haichao & Hua, Pengmin & Björkstam, Maximilian & Lahdelma, Risto, 2024. "Dynamic thermal simulation of a tree-shaped district heating network based on discrete event simulation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
  85. Michael Mans & Tobias Blacha & Thomas Schreiber & Dirk Müller, 2022. "Development and Application of an Open-Source Framework for Automated Thermal Network Generation and Simulations in Modelica," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-25, June.
  86. Salenbien, R. & Wack, Y. & Baelmans, M. & Blommaert, M., 2023. "Geographically informed automated non-linear topology optimization of district heating networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
  87. Ayou, Dereje S. & Wardhana, Muhammad Fa'iq Vidi & Coronas, Alberto, 2023. "Performance analysis of a reversible water/LiBr absorption heat pump connected to district heating network in warm and cold climates," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
  88. Meriläinen, Altti & Jaatinen-Värri, Ahti & Uusitalo, Antti & Kosonen, Antti & Jokisalo, Juha & Kosonen, Risto & Kauranen, Pertti & Ahola, Jero, 2026. "Integration of water electrolysis and district heating through waste heat recovery in Nordic conditions: Techno-economic impacts of lowering the district heating network temperature," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 344(C).
  89. Sun, Chunhua & Liu, Yiting & Cao, Shanshan & Chen, Jiali & Xia, Guoqiang & Wu, Xiangdong, 2022. "Identification of control regularity of heating stations based on cross-correlation function dynamic time delay method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
  90. Abugabbara, Marwan & Javed, Saqib & Johansson, Dennis, 2022. "A simulation model for the design and analysis of district systems with simultaneous heating and cooling demands," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PA).
  91. Erica Corradi & Mosè Rossi & Alice Mugnini & Anam Nadeem & Gabriele Comodi & Alessia Arteconi & Danilo Salvi, 2021. "Energy, Environmental, and Economic Analyses of a District Heating (DH) Network from Both Thermal Plant and End-Users’ Prospective: An Italian Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-25, November.
  92. Billerbeck, Anna & Breitschopf, Barbara & Winkler, Jenny & Bürger, Veit & Köhler, Benjamin & Bacquet, Alexandre & Popovski, Eftim & Fallahnejad, Mostafa & Kranzl, Lukas & Ragwitz, Mario, 2023. "Policy frameworks for district heating: A comprehensive overview and analysis of regulations and support measures across Europe," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
  93. Steinegger, Josef & Stering, Stefan & Kienberger, Thomas, 2025. "Economic feasibility of supra-regional district heating networks: Addressing technical and economic considerations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
  94. Zhang, Yuhang & Liu, Mingzhe & O'Neill, Zheng & Wen, Jin, 2024. "Temperature control strategies for fifth generation district heating and cooling systems: A review and case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 376(PA).
  95. Salah Vaisi & Saleh Mohammadi & Kyoumars Habibi, 2021. "Heat Mapping, a Method for Enhancing the Sustainability of the Smart District Heat Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-17, September.
  96. Xie, Zichan & Wang, Haichao & Hua, Pengmin & Lahdelma, Risto, 2025. "Hydraulic–thermal dynamic model of meshed district heating network based on discrete event simulation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 339(C).
  97. Lindhe, Jonas & Larsson, Martin & Willis, Morgan & Tiljander, Pia & Johansson, Dennis, 2024. "Challenges and potentials of using a local heat pump in a 5 GDHC solution: Results from field and laboratory evaluations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
  98. Dong, Yan & Wang, Fuqiang & Zhang, Yaqi & Shi, Xuhang & Zhang, Aoyu & Shuai, Yong, 2022. "Experimental and numerical study on flow characteristic and thermal performance of macro-capsules phase change material with biomimetic oval structure," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PB).
  99. Dhirendran Munith Kumar & Pietro Catrini & Antonio Piacentino & Maurizio Cirrincione, 2023. "Integrated Thermodynamic and Control Modeling of an Air-to-Water Heat Pump for Estimating Energy-Saving Potential and Flexibility in the Building Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-23, May.
  100. van Dreven, Jonne & Cheddad, Abbas & Alawadi, Sadi & Ghazi, Ahmad Nauman & Koussa, Jad Al & Vanhoudt, Dirk, 2025. "From bearings to substations: Transfer Learning for fault detection in district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
  101. Wang, Luhang & Xu, Chunwen & Wang, Chunli & Zhang, Lancai & Xu, Huanyong & Su, Huan & Zheng, Jianshi, 2025. "Prospects and challenges of seawater source heat pump utilization in China: A systematic review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
  102. Wang, Xiaozhe & Zhang, Hao & Zang, Pengchao & Cui, Lin & Zhao, Pei & Tang, Jiyun & Wang, Jingying & Lee, Chunhian & Dong, Yong, 2025. "Long-term performance simulation analysis of solar-assisted borehole thermal energy storage combined with a heat pump heating system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
  103. Abugabbara, Marwan & Lindhe, Jonas & Javed, Saqib & Johansson, Dennis & Claesson, Johan, 2024. "Comparative study and validation of a new analytical method for hydraulic modelling of bidirectional low temperature networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
  104. Galvan-Cara, Aldwin-Lois & Bongartz, Dominik, 2025. "Rethinking electrolyzer design for optimal waste-heat utilization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 398(C).
  105. Gudmundsson, Oddgeir & Schmidt, Ralf-Roman & Dyrelund, Anders & Thorsen, Jan Eric, 2022. "Economic comparison of 4GDH and 5GDH systems – Using a case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PA).
  106. Haider, Sajjad & Rizvi, Rida e Zahra & Walewski, John & Schegner, Peter, 2022. "Investigating peer-to-peer power transactions for reducing EV induced network congestion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).
  107. Manz, Pia & Billerbeck, Anna & Kök, Ali & Fallahnejad, Mostafa & Fleiter, Tobias & Kranzl, Lukas & Braungardt, Sibylle & Eichhammer, Wolfgang, 2024. "Spatial analysis of renewable and excess heat potentials for climate-neutral district heating in Europe," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
  108. Reiners, Tobias & Gross, Michel & Altieri, Lisa & Wagner, Hermann-Josef & Bertsch, Valentin, 2021. "Heat pump efficiency in fifth generation ultra-low temperature district heating networks using a wastewater heat source," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
  109. Kumar, Shravan & Thakur, Jagruti & Gardumi, Francesco, 2022. "Techno-economic modelling and optimisation of excess heat and cold recovery for industries: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
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