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Eigentumsverhältnisse landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe und Unternehmen in Russland und in der Ukraine: Befragungsergebnisse aus den Regionen Nowosibirsk und Shitomir

Author

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  • Schulze, Eberhard

Abstract

Die Zielstellung des Diskussionsbeitrages besteht darin, einen Überblick über die Eigentumsverhältnisse in der Landwirtschaft der Oblasts Nowosibirsk (Rußland) und Shitomir (Ukraine) zu erhalten, die Ergebnisse miteinander und mit aus anderen Oblasts vorliegenden Erkenntnissen zu vergleichen, um die ablaufenden Privatisierungs- und Umstrukturierungsprozesse besser verstehen zu können und davon ausgehend Schlußfolgerungen für die Weiterführung dieser Prozesse ziehen. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, daß in den beiden Oblasts die Verfügungsrechte der Anteilseigner am kollektiv-geteilten Eigentum beschränkt sind. Dabei bestehen in Abhängigkeit vom konkreten Verfügungsrecht zwischen den landwirtschaftlichen Großbetrieben zum Teil erhebliche Unterschiede. Jedoch ist in allen untersuchten Unternehmen der Verkauf von Boden und sonstigem landwirtschaftlichen Vermögen an andere natürliche und juristische Personen durch die Anteilseigner untersagt. Hingegen ist es, den gesetzlichen Regeln entsprechend, in allen Unternehmen gestattet, Bodenanteile an die ausscheidenden Personen zu übergeben, die eine Bauernwirtschaft gründen wollen. Im Oblast Nowosibirsk sprachen sich von 181 befragten Mitgliedern und Managern von Großbetrieben sowie Bauern 142 gegen den Kauf und Verkauf von Boden aus, allerdings nur die Hälfte der befragten Bauern. Der Bericht enthält ein Vielzahl weiterer Ergebnisse zu den Eigentumsverhältnissen und zur ökonomischen Situation der Großbetriebe, der Eigentümer von Nebenwirtschaften und der Bauernwirtschaften. Die Auseinandersetzungen um die Vergabe aller Verfügungsrechte über den Boden zwischen den liberalen Reformern um Präsident JELZIN und der Staatlichen Duma werden ausgehend von GAJDAR als Kampf um die Beseitigung oder Weiterexistenz der von MARX beschriebenen "asiatischen Produktionsweise" betrachtet. Es werden Vorschläge für eine schrittweise Weiterführung des Transformationsprozesses in der Landwirtschaft Rußlands unterbreitet.

Suggested Citation

  • Schulze, Eberhard, 1999. "Eigentumsverhältnisse landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe und Unternehmen in Russland und in der Ukraine: Befragungsergebnisse aus den Regionen Nowosibirsk und Shitomir," IAMO Discussion Papers 18, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:iamodp:14927
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    1. Feder, Gershon & Noronha, Raymond, 1987. "Land Rights Systems and Agricultural Development in Sub-Saharan Afric a," The World Bank Research Observer, World Bank, vol. 2(2), pages 143-169, July.
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    1. Schulze, Eberhard & Tillack, Peter & Mosashvili, Nodar, 2003. "Zur Wirtschaftlichen Situation Georgischer Landwirtschaftsbetriebe," IAMO Discussion Papers 14880, Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    2. Petrick, Martin, 2000. "Land reform in Moldova: how viable are emerging peasant farms? An assessment referring to a recent World Bank study," IAMO Discussion Papers 28, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    3. Schulze, Eberhard & Tillack, Peter & Patlassov, Oleg, 2002. "Einflussfaktoren Auf Gewinn Und Rentabilität Landwirtschaftlicher Großbetriebe Gebiet Omsk, Russland," IAMO Discussion Papers 14919, Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    4. Schulze, Eberhard & Tillack, Peter & Gerasin, Sergej, 2001. "Eigentumsverhältnisse, Rentabilität Und Schulden Landwirtschaftlicher Großbetriebe Im Gebiet Wolgograd," IAMO Discussion Papers 14901, Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).

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