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Strukturwandel im baltischen Lebensmittelhandel

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  • Kielyte, Julda

Abstract

Im zentralplanwirtschaftlichen System der ehemaligen Sowjetunion war der Einzel-und Großhandel stark vernachlässigt. In den Transformationsjahren nahm sein Beitrag sowohl gemessen an seinem Anteil am BIP als auch anhand der Zahl der Beschäftigten erheblich zu. Das Ziel dieses Diskussionspapiers ist es, die Entwicklung der Strukturen im baltischen Lebensmittelhandel zu analysieren. Besonderes Interesse gilt dabei den Veränderungen der Betriebs- und Organisationsformen sowie der Marktstruktur. Die Umstrukturierung der Wirtschaft hatte erhebliche Veränderungen im baltischen Lebensmittelhandel zur Folge. Zu Reformbeginn führte die Privatisierung und zahlreiche Neugründungen zu einer Zersplitterung des Lebensmittelhandels. Leichte Teilbarkeit der zu privatisierenden Handelsbetriebe sowie mangelnde Kapitalverfügbarkeit der neuen Unternehmer hatte zur Folge, dass vor allem kleine (Familien-)Betriebe gegründet wurden. Seit 1996 sind zunehmende Konzentrationstendenzen zu beobachten. Durch die Modernisierung innovativer inländischen Unternehmen und dem Engagement westlicher Handelsorganisationen hat sich der Wettbewerbsdruck auf dem baltischen Lebensmittelmarkt stark erhöht. Die Dynamik des Wettbewerbs zeigt sich anhand zahlreicher Markteintritte (westlicher Handelsketten) und -austritte (unrentabler heimischer Unternehmen) sowie anhand zunehmender Konzentration von Marktanteilen bei größeren Unternehmen. Diese Entwicklungen lassen eine Erhöhung der Effizienz im baltischen Lebensmittelhandel erwarten.

Suggested Citation

  • Kielyte, Julda, 2001. "Strukturwandel im baltischen Lebensmittelhandel," IAMO Discussion Papers 33, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:iamodp:14916
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    1. Kedaitiene, Angele & Hockmann, Heinrich, 2002. "Milk and milk processing industry in Lithuania: an analysis of horizontal and vertical integration," IAMO Discussion Papers 44, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    2. James Anderson, 2001. "Migration, FDI, and the Margins of Trade," EERI Research Paper Series EERI_RP_2001_05, Economics and Econometrics Research Institute (EERI), Brussels.

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    JEL classification:

    • Q13 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness

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